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Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Atlas (2)

A

First cervical body

Lacks vertebral body

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2
Q

Dens (3)

A

Upward extension of axis/remnant of atlas vertebral body

Rotational pivot for head

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3
Q

Axis (2)

A

Second cervical vertebrae

Has dens coming off

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4
Q

Transverse Foremena (2)

A

Lateral extensions w/ holes on cervical vertebrae

Vertebral artery passes through

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5
Q

of Cervical Vertebrae

A

7

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6
Q

Atlanto-occipital Joint (location and motion)

A

Between atlas and occipital bone

Allows head nodding

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7
Q

Atlanta-axial joint (location and motion)

A

Between atlas and axis

Allows shaking head in “no” motion

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8
Q

Tectorial Membrane

A

Extension of anterior vertebral ligament and inserts onto occipital base

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9
Q

Cruciform Ligaments (3)

A

Below tectorial membrane, extends from base of occipit to 2nd vertebrae, with supporting branch off each side

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10
Q

Alar and Apical Ligaments (3)

A

Supporting ligaments of cruciform ligaments that help support dens and check head rotation

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11
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle (2)

A

Large muscle from mastoid down to sternum/clavicle, defines posterior and anterior of neck

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12
Q

Posterior triangle of the neck (2)

A

Between sternocleidomastoid m., trapezius m., and clavicle

Divided into occipital and subclavian triangles

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13
Q

Occipital Triangle Borders

A

Ant: sternocleidomastoid
Post: Trapezius
Inf: Omohyoid m., inferior belly

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14
Q

Subclavian Triangle Borders

A

Ant: Sternocleidomastoid
Sup: omohyoid m., inferior belly
Inf: Clavicle

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15
Q

Submandibular Triangle Borders

A

Sup: Mandible
Post: Digastric m., post. belly
Ant: Digastric m., ant. belly

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16
Q

Carotid Triangle Borders

A

Sup: Digastric m., post. belly
Inf: Omohyoid m., sup. belly
Post: Sternocleidomastoid

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17
Q

Muscular Triangle Borders

A

Anterior: midline
Post: Sternocleidomastoid
Sup: Omohyoid m., sup belly

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18
Q

Submental Triangle Borders

A

Lat: Digastric m., ant belly
Medial: Midline
Inferior: Hyoid bone

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19
Q

Superficial Veins of Ant. Neck (4)

A

Retromandibular and facial v.s join to make ext. jugular vein
Can be variable ant. jugular that runs down front

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20
Q

Ant. Jugular V. Clinical Consideration

A

If large and try to do tracheotomy, can have excess bleeding

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21
Q

Platysma

A

Superficial muscle extends from mandible all way down neck

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22
Q

4 Cutaneous Nerves of Neck (general type/source)

A 
All ventral primary rami
From cervical plexus
Lesser occipital n.
Great auricular
Transverse Cervical
Supraclavicular
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23
Q

5 Muscular Contents of Occipital Triangle (Sup/Post-Inf/Ant)

A 
Splenius capitus m.
Levator scapulae m.
Scalenus posterior m.
Scalenus medius m.
Scalenus ant. m.
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24
Q

Scalenus Muscles

A

Run from first/second vertebrae down to ribs

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25
Q

4 Nerve/Vasculature Contents of Occipital Triangle

A

Spinal accessory nerve (XI)
Nerves of cervical plexus
Transverse cervical artery
Upper roots of brachial plexus

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26
Q

5/6 Contents of Subclavian Triangle

A 
Ant. Scalene m.
Phrenic n.
Lower roots of brachial plexus
Suprascapular a.
Subclavian a. and v.
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27
Q

Phrenic nerve relation in subclavian triangle

A

Runs right over belly of ant. scalene m.

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28
Q

Mylohyoid m.

A

Prevents tongue falling out, acts as floor of submandibular triangle

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29
Q

3.1 Muscular Contents of Submandibular Triangle

A

Mylohyoid m.
Digastric m. (both bellies)
Stylohyoid m.

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30
Q

Stylohoid m. (2)

A

Runs from styloid process of skull to hyoid bone

Splits around Digastric m.

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31
Q

4 Other Structures of Submandibular Triangle

A

Submandibular gland
Facial a.
Hypoglossal n. (XII)
Lingual a.

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32
Q

3 Contents of Submental Triangle

A

Mylohyoid m.s
Ant belly of digastric m.s
Ant. jugular v.s

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33
Q

Contents of Muscular Triangle (2.3)

A

Infrahyoid m.s: Sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid m.

Thyroid gland

34
Q

Function of infrahyoid m.s

A

Move hyoid down

35
Q

4 Nerve/Vasculature Contents of Carotid Triangle

A

Hypoglossal n. (XII)
Vagus n. (X)
Common carotid a.
Internal jugular v.

36
Q

Neurovascular bundle of Carotid Triangle (ant-post)

A

Common carotid a.
Vagus n. (X)
Internal jugular v.

37
Q

6 Non-Terminal Branches of External Carotid Artery & Paths (in order)

A

Superior thyroid - goes down to do thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal - posterior and heads up, small
Lingual - runs across to tongue, passing through submandibular triangle
Facial - large, runs towards/across mandible then up towards eye
Occipital - posterior under sternocleidomastoid towards greater occipital n.s
Post. auricular - supplies skin behind ear

38
Q

2 Terminal Branches of External Carotid Artery & Paths

A

Superficial temporal - continues superiorly over temporal bone, supplying side of head
Maxillary - runs deep, behind ramus of mandible and supplies deep facial structures/pharynx

39
Q

Ansa cervicalis (definition and 2 components/roots)

A 
Motor nerves off cervical plexus
Superior root (C1) - descendens hypoglossi
Inferior root (C2,3) - descendens cervicalis
40
Q

Descendens hypoglossi (path and 2 branches)

A

Travels w/ hypoglossal n. (XII)
Nerve to thyrohyoid m.
Nerve to geniohyoid m.

41
Q

Descendens cervicalis (3)

A

Branches to sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid m.s

42
Q

Nerve in Both Cervical and Brachial Plexuses

A

Phrenic n.

43
Q

Lesser Occipital n. path/roots

A

C2 - up posterior lateral side of head

44
Q

Great Auricular n. path/roots

A

C2/3 - heads to posterior side of ear, also has a branch to posterior mandible

45
Q

Transverse cervical n. path/roots

A

C2/3 - transversely towards anterior neck

46
Q

Supraclavicular n.s path/roots

A

C3/4 - down over clavicle, has medial, intermediate, and lateral branches

47
Q

Innervations of Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) (8 Sensory, 1 motor, 1.1 autonomic)

A

Sensory - Middle ear, internal tympanic membrane, carotid sinus, pharynx, soft palate, palatine tonsil, and posterior 1/3 of tongue
Motor - Stylopharyngeus muscle
Autonomic - parasymp to parotid gland via otic ganglion

48
Q

Referred Pain of Vagus Nerve

A

Ear infection puts pressure on tympanic membrane, feels like upset stomach

49
Q

Superior Cervical Ganglion (description and 4 branches/paths)

A

Fusion of C1-C4 cervical ganglia
Internal carotid n. - follows a.
Pharyngeal branches - supply pharynx
Carotid branches - follows external carotid a.
Superior cardiac nerve - go back down to heart

50
Q

Middle Cervical Ganglion (description and 2 branches)

A

Fusion of C5/C6 cervical ganglia
Middle cardiac nerve
Ansa subclavia

51
Q

Inferior Cervical Ganglion (description and 2 branches)

A

Fusion of C7/C8 cervical ganglia
Inferior cardiac nerves
Ansa subclavia

52
Q

Stellate Ganglion

A

Anamolous ganglion made by fusion of C7-T1 ganglia

53
Q

Ansa Subclavia

A

Loop of sympathetic nerve fibers attaching middle and inferior cervical ganglia

54
Q

Horner’s Syndrome (cause + 5 symptoms)

A 
Loss of cervical sympathetics
Pupil constriction
Drooping of upper lid (ptosis)
Enophthalmos (sunken eyes)
Vasodilation of skin vessels
Absence of sweating (anhydrosis)
55
Q

Carotid Sheath Contents (3)

A

Internal jugular v.
Common carotid a.
Vagus n. (X)

56
Q

Vertebral A.

A

Early branch off subclavian, passes through C6-1 foramena giving off spinal a.s, then bends medially to finally join to form basilar a.

57
Q

3 Portions of Subclavian A.

A

1st - medial to anterior scalene m.
2nd - posterior to anterior scalene m.
3rd - lateral

58
Q

3 Branches of 1st Portion of Subclavian A.

A

Vertebral a.
Thyrocervical a.
Internal thoracic a.

59
Q

4 Branches of Thyrocervical Trunk (distal-prox)

A

Ascending cervical a.
Inferior thyroid a.
Transverse cervical a.
Suprascapular a.

60
Q

Anastomosis in Neck

A

Inferior thyroid a. from thyrocervical/subclavian and superior thyroid a. from external carotid

61
Q

Branch of 2nd Portion of Subclavian A.

A

Costocervical trunk

62
Q

2 Branches of Costocervical Trunk

A

Deep cervical a. - neck muscles

Superior intercostal a. - side of 1st 3 ribs

63
Q

2 Anamolous Branches off 3rd Part of Subclavian

A

Suprascapular a.

Descending scapular a.

64
Q

6 Sources of Internal Jugular v.

A 
Retromandibular v.
Facial v.
Lingual v.
Occipital v.
Superior thyroid v.
Middle thyroid v.
65
Q

Left Lymphatic Drainage (5)

A

Left subclavian and jugular trunks drain into thoracic duct, which drains into junction of L internal jugular and subclavian v.s

66
Q

Right Lymphatic Drainage (4)

A

R subclavian and jugular trunks drain directly into junction of R internal jugular and subclavian v.s

67
Q

Trachea Beginning-Ending

A

C6-T4

68
Q

Pyramidal Lobe

A

Anamolous lobe of thyroid sticking up in middle, remnant of how it came down from tongue

69
Q

3 Veins of Thyroid

A

Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid v.s

70
Q

Clinical Consideration of Inferior Thyroid V.

A

Tracheotomy risk

71
Q

Superficial Fascia (2)

A

Most superficial fascial layer, envelops platysma m.

72
Q

Enveloping Fascia (2.2)

A

2nd fascial layer, envelops muscles innervated by spinal accessory n. (XI) - trapezius m. and sternocleidomastoid m.

73
Q

Infrahyoid fascia (2)

A

3rd fascial layer, envelops muscles of infrahyoid region

74
Q

Visceral Fascia (4)

A

4th fascial layer, broken down into pretracheal fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia and contains visceral structures of neck

75
Q

Pretracheal fascia

A

Envelopes thyroid

76
Q

Buccopharyngeal fascia

A

Runs posterior to esophagus

77
Q

Relation of Sympathetic Chain to Carotid Sheath (2)

A

Runs posterior to carotid sheath in prevertebral fascia

78
Q

Prevertebral fascia

A

Wraps around vertebral column

79
Q

Retropharyngeal space (2)

A

“Danger space” between buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascias, perforations in posterior oral cavity wall can spread infections directly into thorax through this space

80
Q

Subclavian Stick

A

Try to insert line into subclavian v., do it just above clavicle but not too deeply to avoid pneumothorax

81
Q

Thyroidectomy (2)

A

Have to avoid damage to posterior structures: superior and recurrent pharyngeal n.s, and parathyroid glands

Anatomy (28 decks)

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