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Anatomy > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of Scalp (superficial-deep)

A 
Skin
Connective tissue - dense
Aponeurosis - galea aponeurotica
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium - periosteum
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2
Q

Galea Aponeurotica

A

Aponeurosis connecting frontalis and occiptalis muscle

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3
Q

Pericranium

A

Connective tissue structure sitting right outside skull

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4
Q

2 Clinical Considerations of Scap

A

Dense connective tissue layer - lots of blood vessels and can’t fall back self, so head wounds are gaping holes with lots of blood
Loose connective tissue layer - “danger area of scalp,” can spread infections across entire scalp area and occasionally into brain

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5
Q

5 Arteries to Scalp (+ source/path)

A

Occipital - ext. carotid, back of skull
Posterior auricular - ext. carotid, behind ear
Superficial temporal - ext. carotid, in front of ear
Supraorbital - int. carotid, side of nose/eye socket
Supratrochlear - int. carotid, just medial to supraorbital a.

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6
Q

Anastomosis b/w External and Internal Carotid A.s

A

Supraorbital + supratrochlear (internal carotid) and superficial temporal (ext. carotid)

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7
Q

6 Innervators of Scalp (and source/roots) (post-ant)

A 
Greater occipital n. - cervical n., C2/3
Lesser occipital n. - cervical n., C2/3
Auriculotemporal n. - trigeminal n., V
Zygomaticotemporal n. - trigeminal n., V
Supraorbital n. - trigeminal, V
Supratrochlear n., - trigeminal, V
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8
Q

Fontanels

A

Soft spots in newborns to allow cranial growth

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9
Q

Flat Bone Structure (3)

A

Outer table, diploe marrow space, inner table

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10
Q

Skull Bone Structure

A

22 bones make up skull
Flat bone
Formed by mesenchymal, NOT endochondral bone growth

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11
Q

Foramina

A

Allow passage of nerves/vessels in and out of skull

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12
Q

3 Depressions in Base of Skull

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior fossa

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13
Q

Crista galli

A

Ridge along midline of anterior fossa where dura mater attaches

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14
Q

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bones

A

Holey region around crista galli in anterior fossa where CN I sends its nerve fibers through

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15
Q

Sella turcica

A

“Saddle” structure in medial part of middle fossa where pituitary gland sits

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16
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Just anterior/lateral to sella turica, carries nerves and vessels into/out of orbit

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17
Q

Orbital Canal

A

Space b/w sella turcica and superior orbital fissure that carries optic n. (II) in/out of orbit

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18
Q

3 Foramen of Middle Fossa (anteromedial-posterolateral)

A

Foramen rotundum, ovale, and spinosum

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19
Q

Carotid canal

A

Posteromedial to 3 foramen of middle fossa, where internal carotid a. runs

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20
Q

Trigeminal Impression

A

On lateral wall of sella turcica in middle fossa, site of trigeminal ganglion

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21
Q

Trigeminal Ganglion (3)

A

Dorsal root ganglion, pseudounipolar sensory cell bodies

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22
Q

Tegmen Tympani

A

At border of middle/posterior fossa, Sits on top of petros ridge to form roof of tympanic cavity

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23
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Huge foramen in posterior fossa where spinal cord/vertebral a.s run through

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24
Q

Internal acoustic meatus

A

Space where CN 7 and 8 run through, kind of on posterior fossa side of tegmen tympani

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25
Q

Jugular foramen

A

Where internal jugular v. begins and CN IX,X, XI run through, large foramen just lateral to foramen magnum

26
Q

Hypoglossal foramen

A

Small foramen on lateral border of foramen magnum, carries hypoglossal n. (XII) through it

27
Q

Grooves for Dural Venous Sinuses

A

Grooves running around edge of posterior foramen, venous drainage sites for brain

28
Q

Dural Venous Sinuses

A

Blood drainage but not true veins, more a tent of dura mater with just endothelial lining

29
Q

Dura mater

A

Tough outside layer of meninges that tightly adheres to skull

30
Q

4 Layers of Cranial Meninges (superficial - deep)

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid - subarachnoid space
Pia mater

31
Q

Formation of Dural Venous Sinus

A

Dura mater splits and half goes down and fuses together while half just runs straight across, forming a triangular space blood can travel in

32
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

Tufts of arachnoid projecting into dura mater/dural venous sinus and drains cerebrospinal flood into dural venous sinus as well

33
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Midline invagination of dura mater, attaches on crista galli

34
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Posterior invaginations of dura matera separating cerebellum and cerebrum

35
Q

Diaphragma sella

A

Connection of dura mater running around pituitary gland and holding it in place

36
Q

Lateral lacunae

A

lateral projections of dural sinus triangle

37
Q

Superior sagital sinus

A

Superior middle DVS, runs at falx cerebri split

38
Q

Inferior sagital sinus (2)

A

DVS that runs at inner, free edge of falx cerebri and joins Great Cerebral v. to form straight sinus

39
Q

Great Cerebral v. (of Galen)

A

Runs kind of in middle of brain (around pineal gland) and meets inferior sagital sinus to form straight sinus

40
Q

Straight sinus

A

DVS that runs from inferior sagital sinus-greater cerebral v. junction and runs along where falx cerebri and tentatorium cerebelli meet

41
Q

Confluence of sinuses (4)

A

Where straight, superior sagital, transverse, and small occiptal sinuses all meet on posterior skull

42
Q

Transverse sinuses

A

Run along tentatorium cerebelli from confluence of the sinuses to drain into sigmoid sinus

43
Q

Sigmoid sinus

A

S-shaped sinus on base of skull that drains into internal jugular v. at jugular foramen

44
Q

Opthalmic veins

A

Drain from anterior orbit and form cavernous sinuses

45
Q

Cavernous sinuses

A

Big sinuses on either side of pituitary and terminate into superior and inferior petrosal sinus

46
Q

Intercavernous (circular) sinus

A

Runs around pituitary and acts as conduit b/w cavernous sinuses

47
Q

Inferior Petrosal Sinus

A

Goes from cavernous sinus straight to jugular foramen

48
Q

Superior Petrosal Sinus

A

Comes off cavernous sinus and goes over to juncture of transverse and sigmoid sinuses

49
Q

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis

A

Clot in cavernous sinus, can damage structures running through there

50
Q

“Danger Area” of Face

A

Triangle at front of face that zit infections can spread to cause cavernous sinus thrombosis

51
Q

2 Blood Supply Systems to Brain

A

Vertebral system - vertebral a.s

Carotid system - internal carotid a.

52
Q

Basilar Artery

A

Fusion of vertebral a.s after they bend medially through foramen magnum

53
Q

Internal carotid a.

A

Travels through carotid canal and cavernous sinus and supplies brain

54
Q

Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis)

A

Circular arterial loop connecting vertebral and carotid systems of brain (interal carotid a.s and basilar a.)

55
Q

6 Components of Cerebral Arterial Circle

A 
Anterior communicating a.
Anterior cerebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries
Posterior communicating a.s
Posterial cerebral a.s
Basilar a.
56
Q

Anterior communicating a.

A

Connects anterior cerebral a.s

57
Q

Anterior cerebral a.s

A

Anterior branches of internal carotid a.s to form cerebral arterial circle

58
Q

Posterior communicating a.s

A

Come off each interal carotid a.s and run posteriorly to join posterior cerebral a.s

59
Q

Posterior cerebral a.s

A

Terminating branches of basilar a.s, flare out laterally

60
Q

2 Structures in Middle of Cerebral Arterial Circle

A

Pituitary gland flanked by each optic nerve

61
Q

6 Structures running through Cavernous Sinus

A 
Oculomotor N. (III)
Trochlear n. (IV)
Internal carotid a.
Abducens n. (VI)
Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n. (V1)
Maxillary branch of trigeminal n. (V2)
62
Q

2 Structures Running through Foramen Spinosum

A

Middle meningeal a./v.

Anatomy (28 decks)

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