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Anatomy > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

External Occipital Protuberance

A

Point coming off occipit where most neck muscles end

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2
Q

Vertebrae Prominens

A

Seventh cervical vertebrae, superficially prominent

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3
Q

Ligamentum Nuchae

A

Runs over top/back of cervical vertebrae, line running down center of neck

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4
Q

4 Landmark Vertebral Levels

A

T3 - spine of scapula
T7 - inferior angle of scapula
L4 - crest of ilium
S2 - Posterior superior iliac spine

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5
Q

Fused Vertebrae (2)

A

5 fused sacral

4 partially-fused coccygeal

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6
Q

Primary vs. Compensatory Curvature

A

Primary - from birth, seen in other animals, kyphotic

Compensatory - for upright walking, lordotic

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7
Q

2 Primary Curves

A

Thoracic and sacrococcygeal are posteriorly-curved

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8
Q

2 Compensatory Curves

A

Cerivical and lumbar are anteriorly-curved

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9
Q

Superior and Inferior Articular Processes

A

Spots on vertebral body where one vertebrae meets next

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10
Q

Bifid Processes

A

Bifurcation at very end of spinous processes on cervical vertebrae (except C7?)

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11
Q

Contents of C7 vertebral foramen

A

Nothing

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12
Q

Projection of Thoracic Vertebral Spinous Processes

A

More inferiorly

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13
Q

Intervertebral Disc structure (2)

A

Annulus fibrosus w/ nucleus pulposus in center

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14
Q

Function of Intervertebral Discs

A

Shock absorbers

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15
Q

3 Ligaments Holding Spine together (Superficial-deep)

A

Supraspinal - over the spine
Interspinal - b/w vertebrae
Ligamenta flava - connecting lamina

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16
Q

Longitudinal Ligaments (2)

A

Run on either side of vertebrae, post. and ant.

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17
Q

Dorsal Rami Medial Branch (2)

A

Above T6: muscular and cutaneous

Below T6: just muscular

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18
Q

Dorsal Rami Lateral Branch (2)

A

Above T6: just muscular

Below T6: muscular and cutaneous

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19
Q

Fibers in Dorsal Rami (2)

A

Sensory and postgang sympathetics

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20
Q

Serratus Posterior

A

Respiratory muscles that run from vertebrae to ribs

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21
Q

Superior m. of Serratus Posterior

A

Run under rhomboids m.s to pull ribs up

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22
Q

Inferior m. of Serratus posterior

A

Run from lower back to ribs to pull them down

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23
Q

Superior m. of Serratus Posterior Innervation

A

Thoracic n.s of T1-4

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24
Q

Inferior m. of Serratus Posterior Innervation

A

Thoracic n.s of T8-12

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25
Q

Erector Spinae Muscles (intrinsic back muscles) (5)

A

Splenius m.
Longitudinal group - iliocostalis m., longissimus m., spinalis m.
Transversospinal group

26
Q

Primary Actions of Deep Muscles of Back

A

Stabilize and allow motion of vertebral column

27
Q

Splenius m.

A

Bandage muscle wrapping around neck

28
Q

Iliocostalis m. (2)

A

Most lateral of longitudinal group, runs from ilium to ribs

29
Q

Longissimus m. (2)

A

In the middle, long and thin

30
Q

Spinalis m.

A

Right next to spine

31
Q

Innervation of Longitudinal Deep Back Muscles

A

Dorsal primary rami

32
Q

Transversospinal group

A

Run between vertebral processes/ribs

33
Q

6 Coverings of Spinal Cord (Meninges) Ext.-Int.

A 
Epidural space
Dura mater
Subdural space
Arachnoid
Subarachnoid space
Pia mater
34
Q

2 Epidural Space Contents

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus

Fat

35
Q

Epidural Space Location

A

Between dura mater and bone

36
Q

Filamentous Dura Mater

A

At S2 because spinal cord ends before vertebral column does

37
Q

Subdural Space (2)

A

Potential space w/ lymphatics, often not really in spinal cord

38
Q

Filum terminale externum

A

Ending of arachnoid at S2

39
Q

3 Contents of Subarachnoid Space and 1 Clinical Consideration

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid
Major blood vessels to spinal cord
Spinal nerve roots
Site of lumbar puncture

40
Q

Dentate Ligaments (Denticulate)

A

Extensions of pia mater that come off spinal cord and go to dura mater to help support spinal cord

41
Q

Filum terminale internum

A

Ending of pia mater at L2

42
Q

Ending of Spinal Cord

A

L1 or L2

43
Q

Two Enlargements of Spinal Cord and reason

A

Cervical and lumbar because upper and lower extremity nerve roots require a lot of cell bodies

44
Q

of Spinal Nerve Roots/Spinal Segments (5)

A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 cervical
1 coccygeal
45
Q

Conus Medullaris

A

Widening at end of spinal cord

46
Q

Cauda equina

A

“Horse’s tail” of nerve rootlets that continue down vertebral column after spinal cord ends at L2

47
Q

Location for Cerebrospinal Fluid Extraction

A

Below L2 (L4 or L5 level) because no spinal cord there but still CSF for nerve rootlets

48
Q

Joining of Dorsal and Ventral Root (location and trend)

A

In intervertebral canal

Roots are longer at inferior end of spinal cord

49
Q

Dermatome of Skull

A

C2

50
Q

C1 Nerve

A

Strictly motor, no dermatome

51
Q

Vertebral Arteries (3)

A

Supply upper part of spinal cord
Anterior spinal arteries fuse
Posterior spinal arteries supply dorsal roots

52
Q

Radicular Arteries

A

Small arteries given off by spinal a.s to supply spinal n.s

53
Q

Herniated Disc

A

Intervertebral disc pushes out posteriorly and pinches lower nerves coming out (so L4 disc can affect L5 nerve)

54
Q

Lumbar Puncture

A

Have person curled/bent, send needle to subarachnoid space and check CSF for meningitis

55
Q

Lesser Occipital Nerve

A

Runs right behind sternocleidomastoid m. on top of splenius capitis

56
Q

4 Muscles of Occipital Triangle

A

Rectus capitis posterior m.s - superomedial (minor moreso than major)
Obliquus capitis m.s - inferior below rectus capitis posterior maj and superior kind of crossing area vertically

57
Q

Insertion of Occipital Triangle Muscles

A

Inferior nuchal line (except obliquus capitis inferior?)

58
Q

Greater Occipital Nerve

A

C2 nerve that runs around obliquus capitis inferior m. and goes up and supplies innervation to back of head

59
Q

Transverse Foramen

A

Triangular space b/w obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior, and rectus capitis posterior major

60
Q

2 Transverse Foramen Contents

A

Vertebral a.

Suboccipital n.

61
Q

Innervation of Occipital Triangle Muscles

A

Suboccipital n.

62
Q

Occipital a.

A

Comes out laterally from obliquus capitis superior and curves to run w/ greater occipital n. and supply back of scalp

Anatomy (28 decks)

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