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Anatomy > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid bones (3)

A

Make up VERY thin medial wall of eye socket, lining ethmoid air sinus, and can be broken very easily

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2
Q

Maxilla bone

A

Bottom-middle portion of eye socket, sits on top of maxillary sinus, fracture can allow contents to fall into this sinus

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3
Q

5/7 Openings for Structures to Get to Eye

A 
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Supraorbital foramen
Inferior orbital fissure
Infraorbital groove, canal, and foramen
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4
Q

Optic Canal Location/2 Contents

A

Most superomedial
Optic n.
Ophthalmic a.

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5
Q

Superior Orbital Fissure Location/5 Conents

A

Large fissure just lateral to optic canal
Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI) n.s
Opthalmic division of Trigeminal (V1) n.
Venous drainage

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6
Q

Inferior Orbital Fissure Location

A

Teardrop shaped more inferior to superior orbital fissure

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7
Q

Infraorbital groove (3)

A

Groove coming down from inferior orbital fissure
Goes into canal and foramen
Maxillary division of trigeminal (V2) travels through it as infraorbital n. and comes out foramen onto cheek for subcutaneous innervation of cheek

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8
Q

Trauma to Orbit

A

Can blowout thin medial/inferior walls of optic cavity

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9
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Smooth serosa lining of interior eyelid and eye itself

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10
Q

Conjunctiva, palpebral portion

A

Smooth serosa on lining interior eyelid

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11
Q

Lacrimal caruncle

A

Little hill in middle of lacus lacrimalis

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12
Q

Lacus lacrimalis

A

Lake of fluid that connects at medial edge of eye

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13
Q

Lacrimal punctum and papillae

A

Drainage sites superior and inferior for lacus lacrimalis (punctum is little hole on papilla hill) to drain into nasal cavity

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14
Q

Plica semilunaris

A

Line at lateral edge of lacus lacrimalis

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15
Q

Orbital septum

A

DIRCT that holds eyelid to bony wall and surrounds eye

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16
Q

Medial and Lateral Palpebral Ligaments/Raphes

A

Hold edges of eyelids to bony wall

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17
Q

Tarsal plates

A

Cartilaginous plate in eyelid to give it a little bit of structure

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18
Q

3 Muscles of Eyelid

A

Palpebral portion of orbicularis oculi m.
Levator palpebrae superioris m.
Superior tarsal m.

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19
Q

Levator palebrae superioris m. (2)

A

lifts superior palpebrum (upper eyelid)

voluntary skeletal by Oculomotor n. (III)

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20
Q

Superior tarsal m.

A

Smooth muscle innervated by sympathetics

Lifts superior tarsal plate to open eyes more

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21
Q

Sclera (2)

A

White part of eye that’s really just continuation of dura mater

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22
Q

Iris (2)

A

Colored part of the eye that acts as diaphragm, expanding and contracting to allow more and less light in

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23
Q

Blood Supply to Eye from Internal Carotid

A

Via ophthalmic a. - first branch off internal carotid

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24
Q

Cornea (2)

A

Clear structure on outside of eye that allows light to get through
Avascular so easy to transplant

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25
Q

4 External Eye Branches of Ophthalmic A.

A

Supraorbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear, and lacrimal a.s

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26
Q

Blood Supply to External Eye from External Carotid (4 branches)

A

Superficial temporal a.
Transverse facial a.
Infraorbital a.
Facial a.s

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27
Q

Interal-External Carotid Anastomosis Around Eye

A

Superficial temporal a. (from ext) and supraorbital a. (from int)

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28
Q

Venous Drainage of Eyes (4)

A

Primarily ophthalmic v.s to cavernous sinus

Also facial, superficial temporal, and pterygoid plexus v.s

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29
Q

Motor Innervation of External Eye

A

Zygomatic branch of Facial n. (VII)

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30
Q

Sensory Innervation of External Eye (2)

A

Ophthalmic and Maxillary Branches of Trigeminal n.s (V1/2)

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31
Q

6 Eye Movement Muscles

A 
Superior rectus m.
Medial rectus m.
Inferior rectus m.
Lateral rectus m.
Superior oblique m.
Inferior oblique m.
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32
Q

Rectus m.s of Eye

A

4 “straight” muscles (sup/med/inf/lat). Just pull in direction they’re coming from

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33
Q

2 Exceptions to Oculomotor n. (III) Innervation of Eye Movement Muscles

A

Lateral rectus m. - abducens n. VI

Superior oblique m. - trochlear n. IV

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34
Q

Purpose of Eye Oblique Muscles

A

Counteract the angled torque from rectus muscles

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35
Q

Superior oblique m.

A

Comes from medial side, then kind of goes around pulley and pulls eye from bottom, tilting pupil down

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36
Q

2 Muscles to Tilt Eye Down

A

Superior oblique m. and inferior rectus m.

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37
Q

Inferior Oblique m.

A

Arises from medial side of ant. aspect of orbit and wraps around, pulling pupil up and out

38
Q

2 Muscles to Tilt Eye Up

A

Inferior oblique m. and superior rectus m.

39
Q

Annulus Tendinious

A

Round ring that gives rise to all eye movement muscles except inferior oblique m.

40
Q

7 Intraorbital Branches of Ophthalmic A.

A 
Central retinal
Ciliary
Lacrimal
Supraorbital
Ethmoidal
Dorsal nasal
Supratrochlear
41
Q

Central retinal a.

A

Runs in center of optic n. to supply retina

42
Q

Ciliary a.s

A

Little arteries that run along optic n.

43
Q

Lacrimal a.

A

Runs laterally from ophthalmic to lacrimal gland

44
Q

Ethmoidal Branches

A

Go medially into ethmoid air cells (mucosal cells) inside nasal cavity

45
Q

Dorsal nasal a.

A

Goes onto top of nose

46
Q

Venous Drainage of Internal Eye (2)

A

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins draining into cavernous sinus
Nonvalvular - blood flow in either direction

47
Q

2 M.s of Superior Division of Oculomotor n. (III)

A

levator palpebrae and superior rectus m.s

48
Q

4 Components of Inferior Division of Oculomotor n. III (+ one point about one)

A

Medial and inferior rectus m.s
Inferior oblique m.s
(Autonomic, pregang parasymp fibers) Motor root to ciliary ganglion

49
Q

Finding Trochlear Nerve (IV)

A

Easy because just goes straight to superior oblique m.

50
Q

Finding Abducens Nerve (VI)

A

Easy because just supplies lateral rectus m.

51
Q

3 Main Sensory Branches of Ophthalmic Div/Trigeminal n. (V1)

A

Lacrimal
Frontal
Nasociliary

52
Q

2 Innervates of Lacrimal Branch of V1

A

Lacrimal gland and upper eyelid

53
Q

2 Branches of Frontal Branch of V1

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear n.s

54
Q

4 Branches off Nasociliary Branch of V1

A

Sensory root to ciliary ganglion
Long ciliary
Ethmoidal
Infratrochlear

55
Q

Sensory root to ciliary ganglion

A

Goes to ciliary ganglion which gives off short ciliaries to bring back sensory innervation from eye (not vision, pain)

56
Q

Long ciliary branches of V1

A

Bypass ciliary ganglion and go to globe to do sensory (not sight) innervation of eye

57
Q

Ethmoidal branches of V1

A

Upper nasal sinus

58
Q

Tip of Nose Innervation

A

V1

59
Q

Proprioception of Voluntary Eye Motor Muscles (2)

A

Either by motor nerves or trigeminal n. (V)

60
Q

Optic Nerve (II) Function

A

Transmits visual info to brain

61
Q

Path of Sympathetic Fibers to Eye (8)

A 
Intermediolaterall cell column of thoracic spinal cord
Superior cervical ganglia (synapse)
Common carotid plexus
Internal carotid plexus
Ophthalmic plexus
Sympathetic Root of Ciliary Ganglion
Ciliary ganglion (no synapse)
Short ciliary n.s to eye
62
Q

Dilator Pupillae m. Sympathetic Innervation

A

Bypass ciliary ganglion via long ciliary n. to dilate pupil

63
Q

Clinical Consideration of Heart Sympathetics

A

They travel up to cervical ganglia and then back down, so lesions in neck can cause sympathetic cardiac problems

64
Q

Path of Parasympathetic Fibers to Eye (5)

A 
Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal in midbrain
Oculomotor n. (III)
Oculomotor root of ciliary ganglion
Ciliary ganglion (synapse)
Short ciliary n.s to eye
65
Q

2 Parasympathetic Actions in Eye

A

Stimulate sphincter pupillae m.s to close eye

Ciliary m.s on deep aspect of iris which change relationship of lens to allow focusing

66
Q

3 Pupil Eye Muscle Orientations

A

Dilator pupillae - longitudinal
Sphincter pupillae - circular
Ciliary m. - circular

67
Q

2 Structures of Fibrous (Outer) Coat of Eye

A

Sclera

Cornea

68
Q

3.2 Structures of Vascular (Middle) Coat of Eye

A

Iris w/ sphincter and dilator pupillae m.s
Ciliary body
Choroid

69
Q

Ciliary body function IGNORE

A

Produces aqueous humor

70
Q

Choroid IGNORE

A

Space containing vasculature and melanocytes for eye

71
Q

4 Structures of Retinal (Inner) Coat of Eye IGNORE

A

Ora serrata
Optic disc
Macula lutea
Fovea centralis

72
Q

Ora serrata IGNORE

A

Serrated area at furthest anterior extension of retinal coat (about 2/3 of the way to anterior surface)

73
Q

Optic disc IGNORE

A

Blind spot on back of retina where n. fibers and such come in

74
Q

Macula lutea IGNORE

A

Yellow spot surrounding fovea centralis

75
Q

Fovea centralis IGNORE

A

Area of highest visual sensitivity on back of retina

76
Q

Suspensory ligaments of lens

A

Loosened when ciliary muscles contract allowing lens to round

77
Q

Vitreous body IGNORE

A

Kind of big gelatinous space that holds lens anteriorly and retina posteriorly

78
Q

Difference b/w long and short ciliary innervation to eyeball

A

Long n.s: primarily sensory

Short n.s: primarily autonomic

79
Q

3 Aspects of Accomodation

A

Voluntary convergence of eyes
Thickening of lens: parasympathetic from ciliary muscle contract, loosening suspensory ligaments, and lens rounding naturally
Constriction of pupil: parasympathetic of sphincter pupillae m.

80
Q

Lacrimal gland blood supply

A

Lacrimal branch of ophthalmic a.

81
Q

Lacrimal gland sensory innervation

A

Lacrimal branch of ophthalmic div/trigem (V1)

82
Q

Lacrimal gland autonoomic innervation (2)

A

Sympathetic reduces tearing

Parasympathetic increases

83
Q

Passage of Tears Across Eye (2)

A

From lacrimal gland (upper lateral) to lower medial portion of eye. Blinking facilitates motion

84
Q

Collection/Drainage of Tears (5)

A 
Lacrimal punctum in each eye
Lacrimal canaliculi
Lacrimal sac - lacrimal portion of orbicularis oculi m.
Nasolacrimal duct
Inferior meatus of nasal cavity
85
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of Lacrimal Gland (8)

A 
Internal carotid plexus
Deep petrosal n.
Nerve of pterygoid canal (Viridian n.)
Pterygopalatine ganglion (no synapse)
Zygomatic branch of max div of trigeminal n.
Communicating branch
Lacrimal branch of ophthalmic div of trigem n.
Smooth m.s of blood vessels of gland
86
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation of Lacrimal Gland (7)

A 
Superior salivatory nuc
Facial n. 
Greater petrosal n.
Nerve of the pterygoid canal (Vidian n.)
Pterygopalatine ganglion (synapse)
Zygomatic branch of maxillary div of trigem n.
Communicating branch
Lacrimal branch of ophthalmic branch of trigem n.
87
Q

Combined Autonomic Pathway of Lacrimal Gland (3)

A

Zygomatic branch of V2
Communicating branch
Lacrimal branch of V1 into lacrimal gland

88
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increase in pressure in fluid chamber

89
Q

Cataracts

A

Lenses get cloudy, can replace w/ fake ones but won’t have ability to round

90
Q

Detachment of retina

A

Retina falling off, usually heals self

Anatomy (28 decks)

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