Posterior Abdomen Flashcards by Patrick Robbins

4 Portions of Diaphragm

Central Tendon
Sternal Portion
Costal Portion
Lumbar Portion

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3 Ligaments of Lumbar Portion of Diaphragm (and what they run over)

Lateral arcuate ligaments - quadratus lumborum
Medial arcuate ligaments - psoas major
Median arcuate ligament - aorta

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Diaphragmatic Crura (3)

Left and right, come around aorta and insert into lumbar vertebrae, left one has suspensory ligament of duodenum off of it

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2 Diaphragmatic Triangles

Sternocostal and vertebrocostal

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9 Structures that Pass Through Diaphragm

Superior epigastric arteries
Musculophrenic arteries
Intercostal n.s and a.s
Sympathetic trunks
Splanchnic n.s
Hemiazygos v.
Azygos v.
Subcostal n.s
Phrenic n.s

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6 Blood Supplies of Diaphragm

Inferior phrenic a.s
Superior phrenic a.s
Pericardicophrenic a.s
Musculophrenic a.s
Superior epigastric a.s
Intercostal a.s

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Innervation of Diaphragm (3)

Motor - phrenic n.s

Sensory - phrenic (central), and intercostals (peripheral)

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7 Other Functions of Diaphragm

Defecation, micturition, parturition, sneezing, coughing, laughing, swallowing

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3 Paired Visceral Branches of Abdominal Aorta (and levels)

Middle suprarenal arteries (L1)
Renal arteries (L1)
Gonadal arteries (L2)

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3 Parietal Branches of Abdominal Aorta (and levels)

Inferior phrenic a.s - (T12)
Lumbar a.s - segmental
Middle sacral a. - (L4)

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3 Branches of Inferior Epigastric Arteries

Cremasteric branch
Pubic branch
Muscular branch

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3 Veins draining into L Renal Vein

Left gonadal, left suprarenal, and left inferior phrenic veins

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7 Veins Draining into IVC

Common iliac v.s
Lumbar v.s
Right gonadal v.
Renal v.s 
Right suprarenal v.
Hepatic v.s
Right Inferior Phrenic v.

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3 Anomalies of IVC

Double vena cava
Left inferior vena cava
Retrocaval ureter

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Fat Loss -> Nutcracker (2)

Fat person loses a lot of mesentery fat, mesentery hangs down more instead of being held out by fat, can start constricting L renal vein and 3rd part of duodenum

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Innervation of Posterior Abdominal Wall (2)

Subcostal n.

Lumbar plexus

7 Nerves of Lumbar Plexus

Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral
Lat. femoral cutaneous
Femoral
Obturator
Lumbosacral trunk

Greater Splanchnic Nerves (roots, ganglia, targets)

T5-9
Celiac ganglia
Go to targets of celiac trunk

Lesser Splanchnic Nerves (roots, ganglia, targets)

T10-11
Superior mesenteric ganglia
Go to targets of sup mesenteric a. - jejunum, ileum, ascending/transverse colon

Least Splanchnic Nerves (roots, ganglia, targets)

T12
Aorticorenal ganglia
Kidneys and adrenal glands. NOT GI

Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves (roots, ganglia, targets)

L1-2
Inferior mesenteric ganglia
Targets of inf mesenteric a. Also send postganglionic sympathetic branches to hypogastric and sacral plexus, which then hit bladder/reproductive organs etc

Sacral Splanchnic Nerves

Branches of lumbar splanchnics that have gone through inf. mesenteric plexus and are going to hypogastric/sacral plexuses

Blood Supply to Suprarenal Glands

Superior suprarenal a.s off inf. phrenic a.s
Middle suprarenal a.s off aorta
Inferior suprarenal a.s off renal a.s

12 Structures of Kidney Proper

Capsule - Renal Hilus - Renal Sinus - Cortex - Medulla - Medullary Rays - Renal Pyramids - Renal Papillae - Minor calyx - Major calyx - Renal Pelvis - Ureter

Reference Point for Kidney Pain

Costovertebral Angle

Path of Ureters

Run on anterior surface of psoas major and cross pelvic brim at sacroiliac joint

Bloody Supply of Ureters (3 and major point)

Segmental as they travel down Renal a.s Gonadal a.s Vesical and rectal branches of internal iliac a.s

Innervation of Ureters (levels and 3 reference points for pain)

T12-L2 | Anterior abdominal wall, suprapubic region, and inner aspect of thigh

4 Renal Abnormalities

Horseshoe kidney Pancake kidney Pelvic kidney Renal agenesis