Stretch Review Flashcards
What does osmolarity refer to?
Total concentration of solutes in a solution
What does low osmolarity indicate?
Less solute particles in a given amount of solution
What does high osmolarity indicate?
More solute particles in a given amount of solution
In which direction does water move in terms of osmolarity?
Water moves from low osmolarity to higher osmolarity
Define tonicity.
Ability for an extracellular solution to make water move in or out of a cell by osmosis
What happens in a hypertonic solution?
Net flow of water moves out of the cell
What happens in a hypotonic solution?
Net flow of water moves into the cell
What is the effect of an isotonic solution?
No net flow of water
What characterizes hypotonic IV solutions?
Lower osmolarity and contains fewer solutes than blood plasma
What is the primary effect of hypotonic solutions on cells?
Causes fluid to shift into the cell
What is the formulation of a 2/3 1/3 IV solution?
3.3% Dextrose and 0.30% Sodium Chloride
What is the primary use of 2/3 1/3 IV solution?
Parenteral source of calories and water
List common indications for using hypotonic IV solutions.
- Cellular dehydration
- Maintenance of normoglycemia
- Hyperkalemia (used in conjunction with insulin)
What are the contraindications for hypotonic IV solutions?
- Hypovolemia and hypotension
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypersensitivity
What are relative contraindications for hypotonic IV solutions?
- Liver disease
- Trauma and burns
- Increased ICP
- Sensitivity to corn or corn products
What are potential adverse effects of hypotonic IV solutions?
- Hyperglycemia
- Cerebral edema
- Hypovolemia and hypotension
- Possible electrolyte imbalances
How should hypotonic IV solutions be administered?
Given through IV or clysis, typically slow administration
What should not be done when administering hypotonic IV solutions?
Do not give simultaneously with blood products through the same IV due to the possibility of hemolysis
