Reproductive System Flashcards
What is the function of the penis?
Conveys urine and seminal fluid to outside of body through urethra
What are the two main cylindrical masses of tissue in the penis?
Corpus spongiosum penis and corpora cavernosa penis
What is the role of the scrotum?
Encloses and protects testes and maintains optimal temperature for sperm production
What do the testes contain that produce spermatozoa?
Seminiferous tubules
What type of cells in the testes produce male sex hormones?
Interstitial cells
What is the function of the epididymis?
Storage and maturation of spermatozoa; conveys sperm to ductus deferens
What is the function of the ductus deferens?
Storage and conveys sperm to ejaculatory duct
What do seminal vesicle glands secrete?
Alkaline fluid containing nutrients and prostaglandins
What percentage of seminal fluid is produced by the seminal vesicles?
About 60%
What is the function of the prostate gland?
Secretes alkaline fluid which helps enhance sperm motility and contributes 30% of seminal fluid
What do ejaculatory ducts do?
Stores seminal fluid and expels it just before ejaculation
What is the function of the bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland)?
Secretes fluid that lubricates urethra and end of penis, helps prevent damage to sperm during ejaculation
What do the labia majora form?
Margin of pudendal cleft; enclose and protect other external reproductive structures
What is the function of the labia minora?
Forms margin of vestibule cleft; protects openings of vagina and urethra
What is richly supplied with sensory nerves and associated with pleasure during sex?
Clitoris
What is the vestibule?
Cleft between labia minora that includes vaginal and urethral openings
What do Bartholin’s glands secrete?
Fluid that moistens and lubricates vestibule and vaginal opening during intercourse
What is the function of mammary glands?
Produce and secrete milk for nourishment of infant
What do ovaries produce?
Ova and female sex hormones
What happens to the follicle after ovulation?
It transforms into the corpus luteum which secretes estrogen and progesterone
What is the function of fallopian tubes?
Convey ovum toward uterus; fertilization occurs in tubes
What is the primary role of the uterus?
Site of implantation; protects and sustains life of embryo/fetus during pregnancy
What does the vulva include?
Labia majora and minora, mons pubis, clitoris, vestibule
What is the perineum?
Area between vagina and anus
What occurs during the menstrual phase?
First 5 days of cycle; lower estrogen and progesterone; endometrium breaks down
What happens during the proliferative phase?
Endometrium repairs and thickens; new follicle secretes estrogen
What occurs during the secretory phase?
Corpus luteum secretes progesterone; final preparation of endometrium to receive fertilized egg
Fill in the blank: Fertilization is the _______ by a spermatozoon and the union of the sperm nucleus and the nucleus of the ovum.
penetration of an ovum
What is the role of the umbilical cord?
Connects embryo and fetus to placenta; carries nutrients and oxygen to fetus
What is the function of the placenta?
Source of nutrition, respiration and excretion for embryo/fetus
What hormones does the corpus luteum secrete early in pregnancy?
Progesterone and estrogen
What is the role of placenta hormones?
Promote storage of nutrients for lactation and prepare breasts for lactation
