ESA Obstetrical Emergencies Flashcards
What does GTPALM stand for in obstetrical history?
G - Gravida, T - Term, P - Pre-term, A - Abortus, L - Living, M - Multi
What are the 4M’s in obstetrical emergencies?
Multiple passengers, Maturity, Medication, Meconium
What is gestational diabetes?
A type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy
What is pregnancy-induced hypertension?
High blood pressure that develops during pregnancy
What is pre-eclampsia?
A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems
What is eclampsia?
Seizures that occur in a woman with pre-eclampsia
What is the definition of abortion in the context of obstetrics?
The termination of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the uterus
What is abruptio placenta?
The premature detachment of a normally situated placenta
What is placenta previa?
Why is it concerning
The abnormal positioning of the placenta within the uterus.
Once cervix dilates, the placenta will detach
What is endometriosis?
A condition where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus(endometrium) grows outside of it
It presents similar to menstrual cramping as the tissues responds to same hormones in the same way
What are common difficulties during the first trimester of pregnancy?
- Polyuria
- Nausea and vomiting
- Breast pain/tingling/tenderness
- Weakness and fatigue
What physiological changes occur in the mother during pregnancy?
- Increased pulse
- Increased blood volume
- Increased cardiac output
- Decreased blood pressure
What are the signs and symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy?
- Abdominal pain
- Positive pregnancy test or missed menses
- Possible vaginal bleeding
What is the management for placenta previa?
- ABC
- Delay delivery if possible
- Administer O2
- IV therapy
- Prepare for possible delivery
What are the signs and symptoms of abruptio placenta?
- Acute severe lower abdominal pain
- Dark vaginal bleeding
- Soft tender contracting uterus
- Shock
What is the treatment for eclampsia?
- ABC
- O2
- IV therapy
- Transport patient on left side
- Prepare for seizures
What are the risk factors for pre-eclampsia?
- First time pregnancy <20, >35 years
- Multiple gestation
- Pre-existing hypertension
- Diabetes mellitus
- Family history of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia
What is postpartum hemorrhage?
Excessive bleeding following childbirth, defined as soaking more than one pad in fifteen minutes
Fill in the blank: A pregnancy located outside of the uterus is known as _______.
Ectopic pregnancy
What should be done if a mother shows signs of shock after delivery?
Fundal massage and immediate breastfeeding
What is the common presentation of uterine rupture?
- Continuous severe abdominal pain
- Minimal vaginal bleeding
- Tearing sensation in abdomen
- Nausea
- Shock
What is the treatment for an ovarian cyst?
Symptomatic and positional treatment
What does the term ‘abortus’ refer to in GTPALM?
The number of pregnancies resulting in abortion
What is the significance of identifying meconium if the water has broken?
It indicates potential complications for the fetus
What is the primary concern with multiple gestations during pregnancy?
Increased risk of complications for both mother and fetuses
Possible complications in second trimester?
- Consitpation
- Heartburn
- Leg cramps
Possible complications in third trimester?
- Haemorrhoids
- Varicose veins
- Leg cramps
- Braxton hicks contractions
What is a “Still Birth”
The delivery of a baby , which has attained gestational age old enough to survive, but is born dead.
What is PID? context of obstetrical emergencies
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs, usually caused by sexually transmitted bacteria like Chlamydia or Gonorrhea
What is an ovarian cyst?
If the follicle grows an abnormal cyst that does not
rupture to release an egg, it will simply continue to
grow.
This can cause unilateral abdominal pain and, if it
ruptures, can cause acute onset abdominal pain.
S/S pre-eclampsia?
1.HTN - acute rise 20mmHg Systolic and 10 mmHg Diastolic
- Excessive weight gain - 3 lbs 2nd trimester - 1 lbs week 3rd trimester - Sudden weight gain 4-4.5 lbs week ANYTIME in pregnancy
- Decreased urine output & Edema
- CNS
Headache
Visual disturbances
Change in mental status
Macrosomia
Big baby
Polyhydramious
lots of fluid inside the uterus
Uterine rupture, what should you visibly see?
Bandl ring
complaints of tearing ripping
