Musculoskeletal Mar 6 Flashcards
What are the two main systems that make up the musculoskeletal system?
The skeletal and muscular systems
How many bones are in the human body?
206 bones
What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?
- Axial (80 bones)
- Appendicular (126 bones)
What are the five classifications of bones?
- Long (femur)
- Short (tarsal)
- Irregular (vertebrae)
- Flat (scapula)
- Sesamoid (patella)
What are the three classifications of joints?
- Immovable
- Slightly Movable
- Highly Movable
What are osteoblasts responsible for?
Building bone
What are osteoclasts responsible for?
Breaking down bone
What condition is characterized by an absolute loss of total bone mass?
Osteoporosis
Which gender is twice as likely to develop osteoporosis?
Women
What is kyphosis?
Softening of the vertebrae anterior aspect causing a curve/hunching forward
What is scoliosis?
Lateral curvature of the spine in an ‘S’ shape
What causes fractures?
When the force exerted on them is greater than their tensile strength
What are the signs of a fracture?
- Swelling
- Tenderness
- Inflammation
- Crepitus
- Deformity
What does DCAP-BLS stand for in fracture assessment?
Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures, Burns, Lacerations, Swelling
What is an open (compound) fracture?
A fracture where there is a break in the skin
What is a closed fracture?
A broken bone but the break is contained
What type of fracture is a Colle’s fracture?
Distal wrist fracture
What is a greenstick fracture?
A partial fracture from bending
What are the rules for splinting fractures?
- Assess CMS distal to injury BEFORE and AFTER splinting
- If no CMS, one attempt to realign to anatomical position
- If intact CMS, splint in position found
- Remove constrictive clothing
- Immobilize joint above and below injury
What is the purpose of traction splints?
To pull bone ends away from each other into alignment for pain relief
What are the major functions of the muscular system?
- Motion
- Stabilize
- Thermogenesis
What are the three major types of muscle tissue?
- Smooth
- Cardiac
- Skeletal
What condition is characterized by the progressive degeneration of muscle tissue replaced with adipose and fibrous tissue?
Muscular Dystrophy
What is cerebral palsy?
Non-progressive disorders affecting the brain’s muscular control
What happens in compartment syndrome?
Circulation is cut off for a period of time, causing toxin buildup and potentially leading to clots
What is crush syndrome?
When muscle has had pressure placed on it for extended periods, leading to similar byproducts as compartment syndrome
What are the Sager rules for traction splinting?
- CMS check before and after
- Can be used bilaterally
- Max traction of 10% body mass to max of 15lbs/leg
What should you treat open fractures as?
Open wounds (moist, sterile dressing)
What types of splints are mentioned?
- Rigid
- Soft/Pillow
- Pneumatic
- Tongue Blades
- SAM/Speed Splints
- Traction
- Sling/swathe
- Hobo pack
- Spine board
- Scoop Stretchers
