Cortez - Segment 2 Flashcards
Chest pain from physical activity
Angina
Coronary vasospasm =
Prinzmetal
Ischemia
Lack of O₂ to tissues - 20 seconds
Ischemia → Reversible Or Irreversible
Reversible
Injury → Reversible OR Irreversible
Reversible
Infarction → Irreversible Or Irreversible
Irreversible
QRS = Duration?
0.12 sec
P wave =
0.08 sec
1 box on ECG duration?
0.04sec
PRI duration?
0.12 - 0.2 sec
Lasix =
Diuretics
10 gtts Macro or Micro
macrodrip
60 gtts = Macro or Micro
microdrip
Infant puking or losing fluids = Type of shock
Metabolic shock
IDDM = % of patients?
10%
NIDDM = % of patients?
90%
Hypoglycemia = 3 characteristics/ presentation
Fast onset, looks shaky, low sugars
Hyperglycemia = 3 characteristics/ presentation
Slow onset → DKA → Thick blood Kussmaul’s, Ketones, Polyuria, Polydipsia
Beta cells =
Insulin(Boats)
Alpha cells =
Glucagon
Tinnitus =
Ringing in ears
Anuria =
Not peeing
Colles fracture =
Silver spoon // Position of function // Rules of sugar splint
What type of dresing for burn >10% BSA =
Moist sterile
What type of dresing for burn more than >10% BSA =
Dry sterile
Shock Types & Stages
Shock Types & Stages 1 -
15% // Mild
Shock Types & Stages 2 -
15-25% // Moderate
Shock Types & Stages 3 -
30-35% // Severe
Shock Types & Stages 4 -
46%+
Antibiotic =
1g q12 hr
ADH =
Vasopressin → Pituitary hormones Hormones pee // No hormones no pee
FYI Always remove tourniquet after IV placement
Hyponatremia =
Urban - low sodium (Na⁺) levels in the blood, typically <135 mEq/L. It can be caused by excess water retention, sodium loss, or a combination of both.
Cold patients
Max 3 shocks
SIRS =
Temp > 38° < 36°C, RR ≥ 20, RR ≥ 20, HR ≥ 90
Hormones of hypothalamic glands
Solutions = Hypotonic / Hypertonic / Isotonic
Needle sizes =
14 - 26
IM:size range
19-25
SubQ: what gauge do you use?
25
Deltoid max fluid
3 mL
Quad max fluid
5 mL
Medications = Insulin // Other meds // Epi dose
Beck’s Triad =
JVD, Hypotension, Muffled (S₀)
what do Blood vessel leaking = SIGNAL
Septic
500cc per pelvic fracture
Neuropathy = nerve damage or dsyfunction
Diabetes (Unipo) Infections (e.g., shingles, HIV)
Toxins (alcohol, chemotherapy)
Autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus, Guillain-Barré syndrome)
Vitamin deficiencies (B12, folate)
Trauma or compression (e.g., herniated disc, carpal tunnel syndrome)
Calculate drip rate
mL × gtts / time = gtts/min
Parkland Formula
4cc × BSA % × kg // 2 for 8 hours
Catecholamine =
Chemicals released in fight-or-flight response
Triad of Death =
Coagulopathy, Acidosis, Hypothermia
Angina =
30 mins or less
MI =
More than 30 mins
P wave
Atrial depolarization
QRS
Ventricular depolarization
T wave
Ventricular repolarization
In order to look at P waves, QRS, T wave
We look @ Lead II
Flail Chest
Multiple rib fractures causing a segment to move paradoxically.
Pneumothorax
Air in the pleural space, collapsing the lung.
Tension Pneumothorax
Air trapped in the pleural space, increasing pressure and compressing the heart/lungs.
Hemothorax
Blood accumulation in the pleural space.
Open Pneumothorax (Sucking Chest Wound)
An open wound allowing air into the pleural space.
Pulmonary Contusion
Bruising of lung tissue, impairing gas exchange.
Cardiac Tamponade
Blood/fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart.
Myocardial Contusion
Bruising of the heart muscle, potentially causing arrhythmias.
Aortic Disruption
Tearing of the aorta, often fatal.
Tracheobronchial Injury
Damage to the trachea or bronchi, leading to airway compromise.
Diaphragmatic Rupture
Tear in the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to enter the chest cavity.
Simple Pneumothorax
A non-expanding collection of air in the pleural space, without tension.
Massive Hemothorax
Large volume of blood (>1,500 mL) in the pleural space, causing shock.
Commotio Cordis
Sudden cardiac arrest from blunt chest trauma disrupting electrical activity.
Esophageal Rupture (Boerhaave Syndrome)
A tear in the esophagus, causing air and stomach contents to leak into the chest.
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Air trapped under the skin, often from pneumothorax or airway injury.
Pericardial Effusion
Fluid buildup around the heart, which can lead to tamponade.
Pulmonary Embolism
A blockage in the pulmonary artery, often due to a blood clot, causing reduced oxygen exchange.
Cardiac Contusion
Bruising of the heart muscle due to blunt trauma, potentially leading to arrhythmias or heart failure.
Cardiac Tamponade
Blood or fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, leading to compression of the heart and reduced cardiac output.
Flail Chest
Pneumonia, lung contusion, rib fractures
Pneumothorax DX
COPD, asthma, lung infection
Tension Pneumothorax DX
Massive hemothorax, pulmonary embolism
Hemothorax DX
Pleural effusion, pneumonia
Open Pneumothorax (Sucking Chest Wound) DX
Tension pneumothorax, hemothorax
Pulmonary Contusion DX
Pneumonia, ARDS, lung contusion
Cardiac Tamponade DX
Pericardial effusion, myocardial infarction
Myocardial Contusion DX
Myocardial infarction, pericarditis
Aortic Disruption DX
Aortic aneurysm, myocardial infarction
Tracheobronchial Injury DX
Pneumothorax, airway obstruction
Diaphragmatic Rupture DX
Hiatal hernia, pneumothorax
Simple Pneumothorax DX
Pleural effusion, pneumonia
Massive Hemothorax DX
Tension pneumothorax, pericardial effusion
Commotio Cordis DX
Ventricular fibrillation, myocardial infarction
Esophageal Rupture (Boerhaave Syndrome) DX
GERD, pneumothorax, pericarditis
Subcutaneous Emphysema DX
Pneumothorax, anaphylaxis
Pericardial Effusion DX
Congestive heart failure, pericarditis
Pulmonary Embolism DX
Pneumonia, pleural effusion, ARDS
Cardiac Contusion DX
Myocardial infarction, pericarditis
Cardiac Tamponade DX
Tension pneumothorax, congestive heart failure
What needle color is 18
Green
What needle gauge is blue
22
