Airway Management Flashcards
What unique system do oxygen tanks have?
Oxygen tanks have a unique pin system that makes them compatible with oxygen regulators
This ensures safety and proper connection to regulators.
What should oxygen tanks be kept free from?
Oxygen tanks should be kept clean, free from moisture, grease, and dust
Contaminants can pose safety hazards.
What should be kept clear of oxygen tanks?
Smoking, fire, and sparks should be kept clear
These can ignite oxygen and cause explosions.
What is the pressure of a full oxygen tank?
A full oxygen tank should be at 2000 psi
psi stands for pounds per square inch, a unit of pressure.
What pressure range do most oxygen regulators reduce to?
Most oxygen regulators reduce this pressure to 15-50 psi
What does the flow meter on the regulator allow?
The flow meter allows a ‘dose’ of oxygen to be given
At what pressure will many tanks stop working?
Many tanks will not work at pressure below 200 psi
Therefore, the residual amount of oxygen of any tank is 200 psi.
List the types of oxygen delivery devices in order of lowest to highest oxygen delivery.
- Pocket Mask
- Nasal Canula
- Simple Face Mask
- Non-rebreather Mask
- Bag-Valve-Mask
What is the flow rate and % O2 delivered for a Pocket Mask?
N/A, 16%
What is the flow rate and % O2 delivered for a Nasal Canula?
1-6 L/min, 25-45%
What is the flow rate and % O2 delivered for a Simple Face Mask?
6-10 L/min, 40-60%
What is the flow rate and % O2 delivered for a Non-rebreather Mask?
10-15 L/min, 80-100%
What is the flow rate and % O2 delivered for a Bag-Valve-Mask?
10-15 L/min, 90-100% (with reservoir)
What is the rule of thumb for Nasal Canula oxygen delivery?
Each litre of oxygen adds 4% to atmospheric oxygen
What is the atmospheric O2 percentage?
21%
Fill in the blank: 1 L/min O2 adds ______ to atmospheric oxygen.
4%
What is the tidal volume in cc?
500 cc
What is the vital capacity in cc?
4800 cc
What is the residual volume in cc?
1200 cc
What is the total lung capacity in cc?
6000 cc
What is the functional residual capacity in cc?
2400 cc
What information is needed to calculate oxygen reserve times?
- Amount of oxygen in the tank prior to administering O2
- Cylinder factor for the specific tank
- Residual pressure of 200 psi
- Rate of oxygen administration (L/min)
What is the cylinder factor for a D Cylinder?
0.16
What is the cylinder factor for an E Cylinder?
0.28
What is the cylinder factor for an M Cylinder?
1.56
What is the cylinder factor for an H Cylinder?
3.14
Fill in the blank: Time to empty = [amount in tank (psi) – residual (200 psi)] x ______.
tank constant
How long can you administer oxygen at 15 L/min with a D tank at 1800 psi?
17 minutes
What is the rationale behind understanding PEEP for intubated patients?
To optimally treat pulmonary edema by knowing how PEEP works and integrating its application into patient care.
What are the two components of the training plan for the PEEP MCP Skill Module?
- Online self-directed study session
- Face-to-face collaborative learning session
What is the target audience for the PEEP MCP Skill Module?
Emergency Medical Services employees registered as Advanced Care Paramedics (ACP) with the Alberta College of Paramedics.
What is the goal of PEEP?
To improve oxygenation and reduce FiO2 while minimizing adverse effects.
List the equipment required for performing PEEP.
- SMART BAG MO BVM
- Diverter Valve
- PEEP Valve
- Advanced airway device (i.e. ET tube, Igel)
- Oxygen tubing and an oxygen supply
What are the absolute contraindications for using PEEP?
- Pneumothorax (Tension/simple)
- Hypotension (Systolic BP < 90mmHg for adults, < 70 + 2 (age) for children)
- Acute asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What are the physiological effects of PEEP?
- Increases functional residual capacity (FRC)
- Prevents airway collapse
- Reduces ventilation-perfusion mismatch
What are some possible complications of PEEP?
- Barotrauma
- Increased physiological dead space
- Decreased preload
- Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
What is the difference between physiologic PEEP and supraphysiologic PEEP?
Physiologic PEEP is 3 to 5 cmH2O, while supraphysiologic PEEP is at higher levels.
List the hemodynamic effects of PEEP.
- Reduced venous return to the right ventricle
- Increased right ventricular after-load
- Redistribution of cardiac output
- Diminished perfusion of stomach, pancreas, and thyroid
- Reduced hepatic artery flow
Fill in the blank: The ideal amount of PEEP applied prevents the collapse of alveoli while causing minimal _______.
barotrauma
What is the maximum amount of PEEP that can be adjusted according to the training guidelines?
10 cmH2O
What is the first step in the assembly of the diverter and PEEP valves onto the SMART BAG MO?
Inspect the diverter and the PEEP valves for defects and functionality.
Describe the steps to attach the PEEP valve to the diverter valve.
Fit the PEEP valve snugly over the exhalation port of the diverter valve after securing the diverter.
True or False: PEEP is indicated for patients with SpO2 < 85% despite appropriate therapies.
True
What does PEEP help to prevent in mechanically ventilated patients?
Airway collapse
What should practitioners do if they cannot achieve a pass mark on the self-assessment?
Review the content until comfortable and contact an educator for assistance if needed.
