Scrap Review Flashcards
Infection control - 8 Common infectious agents?
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Hepatitis viruses – A, B, C, D, E
Tuberculosis (TB)
Pneumonia
Skin parasites (e.g., lice)
Hair parasites
MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
COVID-19
infection control - What are the 6 different modes of transfer?
- Direct Contact – Person-to-person contact (e.g., touching, sexual contact, kissing)
Examples: colds, influenza, strep throat
- Indirect Contact – Transfer via objects (fomites)
Examples: bedding, door handles, syringes, equipment
Diseases: hepatitis B, AIDS
- Droplet Transmission – Large respiratory droplets within 1 meter
Examples: coughing, sneezing, talking
Diseases: influenza, colds
- Airborne Transmission – Smaller droplets carried more than 1 meter
Diseases: tuberculosis, meningitis, SARS
- Vehicle Transmission – Contaminated substances (e.g., food, water, blood)
Examples: AIDS via blood transfusion, salmonella via undercooked chicken
- Vector Transmission – Through insects
Example: malaria from mosquitoes
What are the main distinctions between viral and bacterial infections?
Viral Infections:
Replication: Can only multiply inside a living host cell
Growth: Cannot grow in food, water, culture medium, or medications
Mechanism: Use host cells to replicate viral material
Treatment: Not affected by antibiotics
Medications: Few antiviral drugs available
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Bacterial Infections:
Replication: Reproduce independently with a food supply and supportive environment
Harm Mechanism: Release endotoxins/exotoxins, damaging tissue as they feed and multiply
Treatment: Can be treated with antibiotics
Concern: Overuse of antibiotics has led to resistant strains
