Integumentary Illness and Injuries Mar 6 Flashcards
What are the objectives related to integumentary illnesses and injuries?
Identify/Understand/Treat different soft tissue injuries and differences in integumentary illnesses in pediatrics, adults, geriatrics.
What are some examples of soft tissue injuries?
- Abrasions
- Lacerations
- Hematomas
- Avulsions
- Amputations
- Impaled objects
- Eviscerations
- Allergic manifestations
- Urticaria
- Infectious infestations
Define an abrasion.
A superficial injury to the skin or other body tissue caused by rubbing or scraping.
What are common causes of abrasions?
- MVC
- Falls
- Assaults
What are the signs and symptoms of abrasions?
- Pain
- Minor bleeding
- Oozing
- Reddened
- Decreased function
What is the treatment for abrasions?
- Maintain aseptic technique
- Clean wound
- Apply a non-adherent dressing
- Control any bleeding
- Apply ice if swelling occurs
- Transport in POC (if possible)
- Ensure CMS pre/post
What is a laceration?
A tearing of the skin or other soft tissues.
What are the signs and symptoms of lacerations?
- Pain
- Bleeding
- Possible distal neurovascular compromise
- Depending on severity: Decreased LOC, S/S of shock
What is the treatment for lacerations?
- Maintain aseptic technique
- Clean wound
- Control bleeding
- Apply bulky dressing
- Elevate
- Transport
What is an avulsion?
A tearing away of the skin’s surface.
What are the two types of avulsions?
- Complete
- Incomplete
What are the signs and symptoms of avulsions?
- Pain
- Bleeding
- Possible distal neurovascular deficits
- Depending on severity: Shock, Decreased LOC
What is the treatment for avulsions?
- Maintain aseptic technique
- Clean wound
- If possible replace flap
- Control bleeding
- Apply a sterile dressing
- Elevate
- Transport
Define amputation.
The cutting away from the body of a limb or protruding structure.
What are the signs and symptoms of amputation?
- Two parts that should be one
- Pain
- Shock
- Decreased LOC
- Severe or no blood loss
What is the treatment for amputation?
- Maintain aseptic technique
- Clean wound
- If a partial amputation return to original anatomical position
- If a complete amputation, ensure you bring the part to the hospital
- Control bleeding
- Apply bulky dressing
- Raise part
- Treat underlying injuries
- Transport
When should an impaled object be removed?
If it obstructs CPR or the airway.
What is evisceration?
The presence of abdominal contents, usually intestines, protruding through the abdominal wall.
What are the signs and symptoms of evisceration?
- The ‘insides’ are on the outside
- Shock
What is the treatment for evisceration?
- Maintain aseptic technique
- Clean wound
- DO NOT replace contents
- Cover with saline soaked dressing
- Ensure wound is air tight
- Transport with knees flexed
Define hematoma.
A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel.
What are the signs and symptoms of hematomas?
- Pain
- Swelling
- Discoloration
- Limited ROM (depending on location)
What is the treatment for hematomas?
Usually none for minor hematomas; treatment depends on the location of the hematoma.
What are allergic manifestations?
Dependent on the severity of the allergic reaction, manifesting similar skin reactions.
