States if matter and the KMS study guide

Question 1

The phase of a substance is dependent on…

Answer 1

its energy

Question 2

The KMT of matter is based on…

Answer 2

the idea that partciles of matter are always in motion

Question 3

Solids have a…

Answer 3

constant volume and shape
-particles are held in rigid, crystalline structure

Question 4

Liquids have a..

Answer 4

constant volume but changing shape
-particles are mobile but still held together by strong attraction

Question 5

Gases have…

Answer 5

no set volume or shape
-particles have broken free of forces holding them toegtehr

Question 6

Attractive forces between particles are greatest in…

Answer 6

solids

Question 7

Attractive forces between particles are weakest in…

Answer 7

gases

Question 8

The KMT of Gases postulates (5):

Answer 8

-Continuous random motion
-elastic collisions
-temp of gas directly proportional to average KE of particles
-no forces of attraction btwn particle s
-no volume compared to distance betwn them (0 volume)

Question 9

(KMT of gases) What causes an increase in collisions:

Answer 9

-more particles added
-increase in temp
-gases expand to fill containers (same shape/voluem)
-gases are fluids
-pressure exetred when partciles hit sides

Question 10

The KMT of gases applies to…

Answer 10

ideal gases

Question 11

(KMT of gas) Diffusion:

Answer 11

the spontaneous mixture of the particles of 2 subtances caused by random motion

Question 12

(KMT of gas) Effusion:

Answer 12

process of gas particles passing through tiny opening

Question 13

(KMT of liquid) Fluid:

Answer 13

substance that can flow and takes shape of container

Question 14

(KMT of liquids) Liquids are a form of matter that has…

Answer 14

definite volume and changing shape

Question 15

liquids also diffuse but…

Answer 15

much slower than gases. (they can move.diffuse throughout and other liquid that it cna dissolve in)

Question 16

(KMT of solids) particles of solids are reflected in the…

Answer 16

orderly arrangement of solid particles

Question 17

(KMT of Solids) the intermolecular forces attraction are much…

Answer 17

stronger than liwuids or gas and solids have lowest amnt of KE

Question 18

(KMT of solids) Two types of solids:

Answer 18

1.Crystalline
2. Amorphous

Question 19

Density:

Answer 19

solids are more closely packed together than liqudis or gases (higher)

Question 20

Compressibility:

Answer 20

solids are incompressible

Question 21

Fluidity:

Answer 21

solid particles vibrate around a fixed position and do NOT flow

Question 22

Crystalline:

Answer 22

ionic crystal lattice consisting of + and - ions arranged in a repeating pattern

Question 23

Amorphous:

Answer 23

(w/o shape) particles are not arranged in a particular order

Question 24

Phase:

Answer 24

part of a system that has uniform composition and prop. (solid,liquid, gas)

Question 25

Condensation:

Answer 25

gas changes to a liquid

Question 26

Vapor:

Answer 26

a gas in contact w/ its liquid or solid phase

Question 27

Equilibrium:

Answer 27

a condition which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system

Question 28

Equilibrium of vapor is affected by:

Answer 28

concentration temp pressure

Question 29

Because the forces of attraction are diff for diff liquids, the equilibrium vapor pressure is..

Answer 29

specific for each liquid at a given temp

Question 30

Volatile liquids:

Answer 30

liquids that evaporate easily due to very weak forces of attraction

Question 31

NONvolatile liquids:

Answer 31

liquids that do Not evaporate easilt -- strong forces of attraction

Question 32

Energy is always involved when:

Answer 32

a physical/chemical change occurs

Question 33

Change of state is a:

Answer 33

physical change

Question 34

Liquid to gas:

Answer 34

vaporization (endo)

Question 35

Gas to liquid:

Answer 35

Condensation (exo)

Question 36

Solid to Liquid:

Answer 36

melting (endo)

Question 37

liquid to solid:

Answer 37

Freezing (exo)

Question 38

solid to gas :

Answer 38

sublimation (endo)

Question 39

Boiling:

Answer 39

the changes of a liquid to a vapor within the liquid and at its surface

Question 40

Boiling point:

Answer 40

the temp at which the equilibrium vapor pressure of liquid euals the atmospheric pressure (surroundings)

Question 41

Lower atmospheric pressure =

Answer 41

lower boiling point

Question 42

The heating curve plots the change in...

Answer 42

temp of a substance as it changes from a solid to a liquid to gas

Question 43

During phase change, KE is used to...

Answer 43

break attractive forces btwn particles

Question 44

Triple point:

Answer 44

point at which all 3 phases of matter are in equilibrium --exist at same time

Question 45

Critical point:

Answer 45

the critical pressure and temp for the substance

Question 46

Critical temp:

Answer 46

the temp above which substance cannot exist as a liquid

Question 47

Critical pressure:

Answer 47

the lowest pressure at which the substance, at critical temp, can exist as a liquid

Question 48

Heat of fusion:

Answer 48

q=mHf (334 J/g)

Question 49

Heat of vaporization:

Answer 49

q=mHv ( 2260 J/g)