MIDTERM STUDY (unit 6)

Question 1

Ionic Compounds:

Answer 1

Compounds that are bonded through an electrostatic of oppositely charge ions

Question 2

How are ions formed?

Answer 2

by loss or gaining of e-

Question 3

What do ionic formulas consist of?

Answer 3

of a metal and nonmetal or metal and polyatomic ion

Question 4

Two types of ions:

Answer 4

Cations and Anions

Question 5

Cations:

Answer 5

positive ion

Question 6

Anion:

Answer 6

negative ion

Question 7

Formula Unit:

Answer 7

simplest whole # ratio of the compounds cations to anions

Question 8

Metals tend to_______ electrons, and nonmetals tend to_________ electrons

Answer 8

lose and gain

Question 9

Metals form____ and nonmetals form_____

Answer 9

Cations and anions

Question 10

Ionic bond:

Answer 10

the strong electrostatic force of attraction that holds oppositely charged ions together in a compound

Question 11

Why do atoms form compounds?

Answer 11

• to gain stability
• to reduce potential energy

Question 12

Ionic formulas must have a…

Answer 12

net charge of zero -stable-

Question 13

Binary:

Answer 13

only two elements

Question 14

ionic:

Answer 14

opposite charged ions (metals and nonmetals)

Question 15

Monatomic ions:

Answer 15

one element ion

Question 16

ternary:

Answer 16

an ionic compound w/ more than two elements present
+ will have a polyatomic ion present

Question 17

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds:

Answer 17

*metal and nonmetal
-cation (metal) goes first
- anion (nonmetal) goes second w/ “ide” ending
ex. LiBr -> lithium bromide

Question 18

Naming ternary Ionic Compounds:

Answer 18

*metal and polyatomic ion
- cation (metal) goes first
- anion (nonmetal) goes second w/ polyatomic ion name

Question 19

One polyatomic cation to know:

Answer 19

NH 4 +1
+ all other polyatomic ions will be negative

Question 20

What method do you use for writing formulas for both Binary Ionic Compounds and ternary Ionc compounds

Answer 20

Cross-over method

Question 21

When do you use Roman Numerals:

Answer 21

when metals have more than one charge so we have to identify which ion is in the compound

Question 22

What metals with more than one charge use Roman numerals?

Answer 22

transition metals and p-block metals

Question 23

What are the two types of acids?

Answer 23

Binary acids and oxyacid

Question 24

Binary acid:

Answer 24

an acid that contains only two diff elements
- first element will always be hydrogen
- second element will be a nonmetal

Question 25

Oxyacid:

Answer 25

an acid that contains hydrogen and an oxyanion

Question 26

Oxyanion:

Answer 26

a polyatomic anion that contains oxygen
ex. NO

Question 27

Writing formulas for Binary Acid and Oxyacids:

Answer 27

use cross-over method

Question 28

Naming Binary Acids:

Answer 28

1. name of binary acid ALWAYS begins w/ prefix hydro-
2. the root of second element name follows prefix
3. name ends with suffix –ic followed by word acid
   ex. HF -> hydrofluoric acid

Question 29

Naming Oxyacids:

Answer 29

the name for the oxyacid is based on the name of the polyatomic ion contained in the acid
- the prefix hydro– is NEVER used in naming them
ex.
HNO3
anion = nitrate (NO3-)
name: nitric acid

Question 30

(in oxyacids) change –ate to

Answer 30

–ic

Question 31

(in oxyacids) change –ite to

Answer 31

-ous

Question 32

Hydrates:

Answer 32

contain a certain # of water molecules w/ each formula unit
+ part of crystal structure of the ionic compound

Question 33

Naming Hydrates:

Answer 33

• name ionic formula 1st
  ex. CoCI2 -> cobalt (II) chloride
• name water molecule using numerical prefixes with root “hydrate”
  ex. hexahydrate
  -» cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate

Question 34

Writing formulas for Hydrates:

Answer 34

• write formula for ionic compound
• separate hydrate with a “dot”
• write prefix # and add H2O

Question 35

molecular compound:

Answer 35

formed between a nonmetal and another nonmetal which are held together by a covalent bond (sharing e- ) – forms one molecule

Question 36

How do we recognize the molecular compound?

Answer 36

the compound will be between two nonmetals

Question 37

In a molecular compound, which element goes first?

Answer 37

the least electronegative
(farthest to left)

Question 38

Naming molecular compounds:

Answer 38

-Name first element
- Name second element
use root of element + –ide suffix
–> ALWAYS get a prefix
ex. CO = carbon monoxide

Question 39

Writing formulas for molecular compounds:

Answer 39

write element symbols down in order
ex. dinitrogen tetroxide = N2O4