MIDTERM STUDY (unit 6) Flashcards

1
Q

Ionic Compounds:

A

Compounds that are bonded through an electrostatic of oppositely charge ions

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2
Q

How are ions formed?

A

by loss or gaining of e-

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3
Q

What do ionic formulas consist of?

A

of a metal and nonmetal or metal and polyatomic ion

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4
Q

Two types of ions:

A

Cations and Anions

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5
Q

Cations:

A

positive ion

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6
Q

Anion:

A

negative ion

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7
Q

Formula Unit:

A

simplest whole # ratio of the compounds cations to anions

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8
Q

Metals tend to_______ electrons, and nonmetals tend to_________ electrons

A

lose and gain

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9
Q

Metals form____ and nonmetals form_____

A

Cations and anions

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10
Q

Ionic bond:

A

the strong electrostatic force of attraction that holds oppositely charged ions together in a compound

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11
Q

Why do atoms form compounds?

A
  • to gain stability
  • to reduce potential energy
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12
Q

Ionic formulas must have a…

A

net charge of zero -stable-

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13
Q

Binary:

A

only two elements

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14
Q

ionic:

A

opposite charged ions (metals and nonmetals)

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15
Q

Monatomic ions:

A

one element ion

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16
Q

ternary:

A

an ionic compound w/ more than two elements present
+ will have a polyatomic ion present

17
Q

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds:

A

*metal and nonmetal
-cation (metal) goes first
- anion (nonmetal) goes second w/ “ide” ending
ex. LiBr -> lithium bromide

18
Q

Naming ternary Ionic Compounds:

A

*metal and polyatomic ion
- cation (metal) goes first
- anion (nonmetal) goes second w/ polyatomic ion name

19
Q

One polyatomic cation to know:

A

NH 4 +1
+ all other polyatomic ions will be negative

20
Q

What method do you use for writing formulas for both Binary Ionic Compounds and ternary Ionc compounds

A

Cross-over method

21
Q

When do you use Roman Numerals:

A

when metals have more than one charge so we have to identify which ion is in the compound

22
Q

What metals with more than one charge use Roman numerals?

A

transition metals and p-block metals

23
Q

What are the two types of acids?

A

Binary acids and oxyacid

24
Q

Binary acid:

A

an acid that contains only two diff elements
- first element will always be hydrogen
- second element will be a nonmetal

25
Oxyacid:
an acid that contains hydrogen and an oxyanion
26
Oxyanion:
a polyatomic anion that contains oxygen ex. NO
27
Writing formulas for Binary Acid and Oxyacids:
use cross-over method
28
Naming Binary Acids:
1. name of binary acid ALWAYS begins w/ prefix hydro- 2. the root of second element name follows prefix 3. name ends with suffix --ic followed by word acid ex. HF -> hydrofluoric acid
29
Naming Oxyacids:
the name for the oxyacid is based on the name of the polyatomic ion contained in the acid - the prefix hydro-- is NEVER used in naming them ex. HNO3 anion = nitrate (NO3-) name: nitric acid
30
(in oxyacids) change --ate to
--ic
31
(in oxyacids) change --ite to
-ous
32
Hydrates:
contain a certain # of water molecules w/ each formula unit + part of crystal structure of the ionic compound
33
Naming Hydrates:
- name ionic formula 1st ex. CoCI2 -> cobalt (II) chloride - name water molecule using numerical prefixes with root "hydrate" ex. hexahydrate ->> cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate
34
Writing formulas for Hydrates:
- write formula for ionic compound - separate hydrate with a "dot" - write prefix # and add H2O
35
molecular compound:
formed between a nonmetal and another nonmetal which are held together by a covalent bond (sharing e- ) -- forms one molecule
36
How do we recognize the molecular compound?
the compound will be between two nonmetals
37
In a molecular compound, which element goes first?
the least electronegative (farthest to left)
38
Naming molecular compounds:
-Name first element - Name second element use root of element + --ide suffix --> ALWAYS get a prefix ex. CO = carbon monoxide
39
Writing formulas for molecular compounds:
write element symbols down in order ex. dinitrogen tetroxide = N2O4