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Chemistry > MIDTERM STUDY (Unit 1) > Flashcards

MIDTERM STUDY (Unit 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

The steps of the scientific method (5):

A
  • make observation & stating a problem
    form hypothesis
  • test hypothesis
    record /analyze data
    -draw conclusion
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2
Q

Qualitative Observations:

A

using the senses to observe qualities - non-numerical properties

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3
Q

Quantitative Observations:

A

measurements or quantities- numerical

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4
Q

Independent Variable:

A

the variable that is changed during the experiment

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5
Q

Dependent Variable:

A

the variable that is observed during the experiment (result of changing the independent variable)

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6
Q

Science:

A

the search for scientific knowledge

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7
Q

Technology:

A

the application of science (making it useful)

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8
Q

Scientific Theory:

A

an explanation abt the natural world (not a guess), based on hypothesis and observations supported by testing
-explains how and why

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9
Q

Scientific Law:

A

a statement abt the natural world
- does not explain how or why

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10
Q

Hypothesis:

A

proposed explanation that is not tested

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11
Q

Theory:

A

well-tested explanation

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12
Q

All matter is composed of what:

A

particles that are in constant motion

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13
Q

More energy in particles =

A

more space between them

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14
Q

States of matter in order from less energy to more energy

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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15
Q

All particles of matter have..

A

energy

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16
Q

Temperature:

A

measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles

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17
Q

Increase Temp. =

A

Increase Energy

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18
Q

States of matter in order from strong attractive force to weak

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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19
Q

Chemistry:

A

study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes

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20
Q

Units of matter:

A

Atom and Element

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21
Q

Atom:

A

smallest unit of an element that maintains chemical identity of that element

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22
Q

Element:

A

pure substance that cannot be broken down + made up of only one type of atom

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23
Q

Matter:

A

Anything that has mass and volume

24
Q

Mass:

A

measure of the amnt of matter

25
Q

Volume:

A

amnt of three dimensional space an object occupies

26
Q

Characteristics of Solid:

A

-Definite shape/volume
-packed close together
-vibrate in a fixed position
-very strong force of attraction / low energy

27
Q

Characteristics of Liquid:

A

-definite volume, no definite shape
- close together but slide past one another
– move past another, slide, flow
- Strong force of attraction, medium energy

28
Q

Characteristics of Gas:

A

-no definite volume, no definite shape
- spread out as far as possible
-move with great speed
-weak force of attraction, very high energy

29
Q

Pure substance has-

A

a fixed composition (composed of just one type of particle)
+ are either compounds or elements

30
Q

Elements:

A

-simplest pure substance
-cant be broken down by ordinary means
-made up of only one atom

31
Q

Compounds

A

-pure substance-definite composition
-2 or more elements combined through chemical reaction
-Composed of definite group of molecules/ ions that are chemically bonded

32
Q

Chemical and physical properties of a compound differ from:

A

those of the elements that make up the compound

33
Q

Mixture:

A

-physical combo of 2 or more substances
-identities/properties of individual substances are retained
-can be separated by physical means

34
Q

Two types of mixtures:

A

Homogeneous and heterogeneous

35
Q

Heterogeneous mixture:

A

-mixture does not appear the same throughout
-particles large enough
-not uniform

36
Q

Homogenous mixture:

A

-mixture that appeares same throughout
ex.air

37
Q

Filtration:

A

uses physical property of SIZE to filter mixture

38
Q

Distillation:

A

uses physical property of BOILING POINT to separate liquid mixture.

39
Q

Evaporation:

A

uses physical prop of VAPORIZATION POINT (evaporation/boiling)

40
Q

Decanting:

A

-uses physical property of STATE OF MATTER
-liquids are fluid and SOLUBILITY to separate mixture

41
Q

Diatomic elements:

A

are only found in pairs when in pure state
(the 7 in chart)

42
Q

Physical properties:

A

properties that can be observed/measured without changing substance into another substance
ex. density, boilig/melting point, texture, shape, color

43
Q

Extensive properties (M.V.L):

A

Depend of amnt of matter present
EX. mass,volume,length

44
Q

Intensive properties:

A

do not depend on the anmt of matter present
EX. density, color, hardness

45
Q

Chemical properties:

A

properties that relate to a substance’s ability to change - produce new substance
ex.rusting, tarnishing, supports combustion, reacts with acids, water, or ocygen

46
Q

Physical change:

A

original substance is not chemically changed
+original substance is physically altered, but still present
ex. evaporation, melting, dissolving salt in water, cutting

47
Q

Chemical Change (reactions):

A

Og substances= reactants
New substance formed= products

48
Q

Density:

A

Ratio of mass to volume of a substance

49
Q

g/cm 3 :

A

used for solids

50
Q

g/mL:

A

liquids and gases

51
Q

Separation techniques (F.E.D.D.) :

A

-Filtration
-Evaporation
-Distillation
-Decanting

52
Q

two types of physical properties:

A

Intensive and extensive

53
Q

Difference between compounds and mixtures?

A

Compound: have a definite composition
Mixtures: have no definite composition

54
Q

What is a Homogeneous mixture also called:

A

a solution

55
Q

Two types of variables:

A

Intensive and Extensive

Chemistry (32 decks)

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