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2 MSK > Soft Tissue Knee Injuries > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Knee Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

which meniscus is immobile?

A

medial

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2
Q

which meniscus’s plateau is more concave than the other?

A

medial

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3
Q

which direction does the tibia rotate in on flexion?

A

internally

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4
Q

which direction does the tibia rotate in on extension?

A

externally

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5
Q

which meniscus is under the most shear stress?

A

medial

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6
Q

which side would valgus stress come from?

A

lateral

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7
Q

what side would varus stress come from?

A

medial

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8
Q

which ligament resists internal rotation of the tibia in extension?

A

ACL

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9
Q

which ligament resists subluxation of the femur?

A

PCL

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10
Q

which is the thinner of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments?

A

lateral

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11
Q

is the MCL or LCL more likely to heal and why?

A

MCL, has better blood supply

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12
Q

why do patients with a PCL rupture have trouble descending stairs?

A

femur too anterior and tibia too posterior

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13
Q

test for PCL function?

A

drawer test

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14
Q

what causes a bucket handle tear?

A

extensive longitudinal tear of meniscus

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15
Q

effect of a bucket handle tear?

A

limits extension so promotes locking

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16
Q

who tends to get meniscal tears and what from?

A

young people; getting up from squatting position or sport

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17
Q

which other ligament rupture is a meniscal tear commonly associated with?

A

ACL

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18
Q

investigation for meniscal tear?

A

MRI

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19
Q

are lateral or medial meniscal tears more common?

A

medial

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20
Q

do bucket handle or radial meniscal tears heal?

A

only bucket handle

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21
Q

treatment for an acute meniscal tear in a young person?

A

arthroscopy

arthroscopic menisectomy if failure to repair

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22
Q

is a radial meniscal tear sore?

A

no because no nerves

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23
Q

what structure in the knee does getting up from a squatting position affect?

A

posterior horn of the medial meniscus

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24
Q

what should the menisci look like on an MRI?

A

bow tie

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25
Q

what would you suspect in an acute locked knee?

A

displaced bucket handle meniscal tear

26
Q

how would you treat a displaced bucket handle meniscal tear?

A

arthroscopy

if irreparable: partial menisectomy

27
Q

why do patients have locked knees in a bucket handle meniscal tear?

A

cartilage is jammed in the notch stopping the knee from extending

28
Q

should you operate on a degenerative meniscal tear?

A

no

29
Q

what condition does a degenerative meniscal tear allude to?

A

1st stage of OA

30
Q

what is a sprain?

A

tearing some fibres but macroscopic structure in tact

31
Q

treatment for MCL rupture?

A

brace
early motion
physio
surgery RARELY

32
Q

who tends to get ACL ruptures?

A

sports people, mostly females

33
Q

can you repair an ACL?

A

no, can only reconstruct

34
Q

how successful is life after an ACL rupture?

A

1/3 chance of:
functioning well
avoid certain activities
can’t compensate

35
Q

when should you do surgery for ACL rupture?

A

not responding to physio
very sporty person
young

36
Q

how long does rehabilitation for an ACL rupture take?

A

3 months to a year

37
Q

what nerve palsies are associated with LCL injury?

A

common peroneal nerve and fibular nerve palsy

38
Q

does the LCL heal after injury?

A

no

39
Q

what other injuries does an LCL injury commonly occur along with?

A

PCL/ACL injury

40
Q

treatment for LCL injury?

A

urgent repair if complete rupture

reconstruction

41
Q

what injury commonly causes a PCL rupture?

A

direct blow to anterior tibia

hyperextension

42
Q

clinical presentation of PCL rupture?

A

popliteal knee pain

bruising

43
Q

is a knee dislocation serious?

A

yes

44
Q

complications of a knee dislocation?

A

popliteal artery injury
nerve injury
compartment syndrome

45
Q

how can you get ischaemia from a knee dislocation?

A

ruptured popliteal artery forms clot

46
Q

cause of a patellar dislocation?

A

direct blow

rapid turn

47
Q

who tends to get patellar dislocation?

A

young females

48
Q

most common way to get an extensor mechanism rupture?

A

fall onto flexed knee with quads contraction

49
Q

which knee test is positive for people with an extensor mechanism rupture

A

straight leg raise

50
Q

most common injury causing an MCL rupture?

A

valgus

51
Q

most common injury causing an ACL/meniscal injury?

A

twisting

52
Q

most common injury causing an LCL rupture?

A

varus

53
Q

most common injury causing a PCL rupture?

A

dashboard

hyperextension

54
Q

most common injury causing a meniscal injury?

A

meniscal tear

55
Q

what injury causes a POP when affected

A

ACL

56
Q

what injury causes a CRACK when affected

A

fracture

57
Q

which injuries typically cause a haemarthrosis?

A

ACL rupture

fracture

58
Q

which injuries typically cause an effusion?

A

meniscal/chondral injury

59
Q

what would pain in the joint line indicate?

A

meniscal/chondral injury

60
Q

what would pain all over the knee indicate?

A

haemarthrosis

61
Q

Football injury, twist, pop, haemarthrosis, generalised pain, pain settles after a few days, rotatory instability?

A

ACL rupture

62
Q

Getting up from squatting, sudden sharp pain medial joint line, effusion, recurrent medial pain, catching +/- locking?

A

meniscal tear

2 MSK (61 decks)

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