Soft Tissue Knee Injuries Flashcards
which meniscus is immobile?
medial
which meniscus’s plateau is more concave than the other?
medial
which direction does the tibia rotate in on flexion?
internally
which direction does the tibia rotate in on extension?
externally
which meniscus is under the most shear stress?
medial
which side would valgus stress come from?
lateral
what side would varus stress come from?
medial
which ligament resists internal rotation of the tibia in extension?
ACL
which ligament resists subluxation of the femur?
PCL
which is the thinner of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments?
lateral
is the MCL or LCL more likely to heal and why?
MCL, has better blood supply
why do patients with a PCL rupture have trouble descending stairs?
femur too anterior and tibia too posterior
test for PCL function?
drawer test
what causes a bucket handle tear?
extensive longitudinal tear of meniscus
effect of a bucket handle tear?
limits extension so promotes locking
who tends to get meniscal tears and what from?
young people; getting up from squatting position or sport
which other ligament rupture is a meniscal tear commonly associated with?
ACL
investigation for meniscal tear?
MRI
are lateral or medial meniscal tears more common?
medial
do bucket handle or radial meniscal tears heal?
only bucket handle
treatment for an acute meniscal tear in a young person?
arthroscopy
arthroscopic menisectomy if failure to repair
is a radial meniscal tear sore?
no because no nerves
what structure in the knee does getting up from a squatting position affect?
posterior horn of the medial meniscus
what should the menisci look like on an MRI?
bow tie
what would you suspect in an acute locked knee?
displaced bucket handle meniscal tear
how would you treat a displaced bucket handle meniscal tear?
arthroscopy
if irreparable: partial menisectomy
why do patients have locked knees in a bucket handle meniscal tear?
cartilage is jammed in the notch stopping the knee from extending
should you operate on a degenerative meniscal tear?
no
what condition does a degenerative meniscal tear allude to?
1st stage of OA
what is a sprain?
tearing some fibres but macroscopic structure in tact
treatment for MCL rupture?
brace
early motion
physio
surgery RARELY
who tends to get ACL ruptures?
sports people, mostly females
can you repair an ACL?
no, can only reconstruct
how successful is life after an ACL rupture?
1/3 chance of:
functioning well
avoid certain activities
can’t compensate
when should you do surgery for ACL rupture?
not responding to physio
very sporty person
young
how long does rehabilitation for an ACL rupture take?
3 months to a year
what nerve palsies are associated with LCL injury?
common peroneal nerve and fibular nerve palsy
does the LCL heal after injury?
no
what other injuries does an LCL injury commonly occur along with?
PCL/ACL injury
treatment for LCL injury?
urgent repair if complete rupture
reconstruction
what injury commonly causes a PCL rupture?
direct blow to anterior tibia
hyperextension
clinical presentation of PCL rupture?
popliteal knee pain
bruising
is a knee dislocation serious?
yes
complications of a knee dislocation?
popliteal artery injury
nerve injury
compartment syndrome
how can you get ischaemia from a knee dislocation?
ruptured popliteal artery forms clot
cause of a patellar dislocation?
direct blow
rapid turn
who tends to get patellar dislocation?
young females
most common way to get an extensor mechanism rupture?
fall onto flexed knee with quads contraction
which knee test is positive for people with an extensor mechanism rupture
straight leg raise
most common injury causing an MCL rupture?
valgus
most common injury causing an ACL/meniscal injury?
twisting
most common injury causing an LCL rupture?
varus
most common injury causing a PCL rupture?
dashboard
hyperextension
most common injury causing a meniscal injury?
meniscal tear
what injury causes a POP when affected
ACL
what injury causes a CRACK when affected
fracture
which injuries typically cause a haemarthrosis?
ACL rupture
fracture
which injuries typically cause an effusion?
meniscal/chondral injury
what would pain in the joint line indicate?
meniscal/chondral injury
what would pain all over the knee indicate?
haemarthrosis
Football injury, twist, pop, haemarthrosis, generalised pain, pain settles after a few days, rotatory instability?
ACL rupture
Getting up from squatting, sudden sharp pain medial joint line, effusion, recurrent medial pain, catching +/- locking?
meniscal tear
