Clinical Anatomy of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

name the 2 joints of the shoulder?

A

glenohumeral

acromioclavicular

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2
Q

name the main stabilisers of the shoulder?

A

capsule
labrum
rotator cuff

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3
Q

what do the rotator cuff muscles do?

A

anchor head of humerus into place on the shoulder via scapula

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4
Q

what things other than a rotator cuff tear can cause shoulder impingement?

A

tendonitis
subacromial bursitis
osteophytes from AC joint

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5
Q

how can the hand be affected by a shoulder impingement?

A

impingement can damage nerves to the hand

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6
Q

what nerve supplies the deltoid?

A

axillary nerve

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7
Q

where does a bankart lesion occur?

A

lower part of labrum

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8
Q

what is a bankart lesiom?

A

a split in the labrum of the shoulder

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9
Q

what movement is especially lost in frozen shoulder?

A

external rotation

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10
Q

what 3 things can be affected in shoulder displacement?

A

ac joint dislocation
coracoclavicular ligament rupture
clavicle fracture

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11
Q

what nerve supplies sensation of the lateral forearm?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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12
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

radial nerve

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13
Q

why do you get wrist drop if the radial nerve is damaged?

A

it supplies all the extensors of the arm and lost extension means you cant lift wrist

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14
Q

what movement is done by the radio-capitellar joint?

A

supination

pronation

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15
Q

name the origin of the extensor muscles of the elbow

A

lateral epicondyle

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16
Q

name the origin of the flexor muscles of the elbow

A

medial epicondyle

17
Q

other name for medial epicondylitis?

A

golfer’s elbow

18
Q

another name for lateral epicondylitis?

A

tennis elbow

19
Q

what is a common cause of a supracondylar fracture?

A

trampolining

20
Q

what are the risks of a supracondylar fracture?

A

brachial artery occlusion

median nerve injury

21
Q

what joints facilitate supination and pronation of the forearm?

A

proximal and distal radioulnar joints

22
Q

most likely cause of a monteggia fracture?

A

high energy injury

23
Q

which muscles of the forearm are NOT supplied by the median nerve?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum profundus

24
Q

do the extensors of the upper arm all have the sae nerve supply?

A

yes

25
Q

what is the nerve supply of the upper arm extensors?

A

radial nerve

26
Q

what does flexor carpi ulnaris do?

A

flexes wrst on ulnar side

27
Q

cause of cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

compression of ulnar nerve at elbow

28
Q

cause of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

median nerve compression at wrist

29
Q

how can the tendon sheath of the hand get infected?

A

bacteria from a cut in the tip of the finger can go into the palm

30
Q

is tendon sheath infection an emergency?

A

yes

31
Q

how would you know the tendon sheath of the hand is infected?

A

redness in top of finger going down into palm

32
Q

name the 4 small muscles of the hand that are supplied by the median nerve

A
lateral two lumbricals
opponens pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
LOAF
33
Q

what are the muscles of the hand (besides LOAF) supplied by?

A

ulnar nerve

34
Q

what causes trigger finger?

A

nodule in the finger causes the pulley to becom inflamed

35
Q

how do you treat trigger finger?

A

cut pulley

36
Q

what does it mean to be an extrinsic muscle of the forearm?

A

controlled by the forearm

37
Q

what do the intrinsic muscles of the hand do?

A

used for complex manipulation of the fingers

38
Q

what do the interossei do?

A

flexion at MCP
extension at PIP
= spreading fingers in and out

39
Q

cause of swan neck deformity?

A

PIP volar plate rupture/attrition

intrinsic muscle tightness