Clinical Anatomy of the Upper Limb Flashcards
name the 2 joints of the shoulder?
glenohumeral
acromioclavicular
name the main stabilisers of the shoulder?
capsule
labrum
rotator cuff
what do the rotator cuff muscles do?
anchor head of humerus into place on the shoulder via scapula
what things other than a rotator cuff tear can cause shoulder impingement?
tendonitis
subacromial bursitis
osteophytes from AC joint
how can the hand be affected by a shoulder impingement?
impingement can damage nerves to the hand
what nerve supplies the deltoid?
axillary nerve
where does a bankart lesion occur?
lower part of labrum
what is a bankart lesiom?
a split in the labrum of the shoulder
what movement is especially lost in frozen shoulder?
external rotation
what 3 things can be affected in shoulder displacement?
ac joint dislocation
coracoclavicular ligament rupture
clavicle fracture
what nerve supplies sensation of the lateral forearm?
musculocutaneous nerve
what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the arm?
radial nerve
why do you get wrist drop if the radial nerve is damaged?
it supplies all the extensors of the arm and lost extension means you cant lift wrist
what movement is done by the radio-capitellar joint?
supination
pronation
name the origin of the extensor muscles of the elbow
lateral epicondyle
name the origin of the flexor muscles of the elbow
medial epicondyle
other name for medial epicondylitis?
golfer’s elbow
another name for lateral epicondylitis?
tennis elbow
what is a common cause of a supracondylar fracture?
trampolining
what are the risks of a supracondylar fracture?
brachial artery occlusion
median nerve injury
what joints facilitate supination and pronation of the forearm?
proximal and distal radioulnar joints
most likely cause of a monteggia fracture?
high energy injury
which muscles of the forearm are NOT supplied by the median nerve?
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus
do the extensors of the upper arm all have the sae nerve supply?
yes
what is the nerve supply of the upper arm extensors?
radial nerve
what does flexor carpi ulnaris do?
flexes wrst on ulnar side
cause of cubital tunnel syndrome?
compression of ulnar nerve at elbow
cause of carpal tunnel syndrome
median nerve compression at wrist
how can the tendon sheath of the hand get infected?
bacteria from a cut in the tip of the finger can go into the palm
is tendon sheath infection an emergency?
yes
how would you know the tendon sheath of the hand is infected?
redness in top of finger going down into palm
name the 4 small muscles of the hand that are supplied by the median nerve
lateral two lumbricals opponens pollicis abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis LOAF
what are the muscles of the hand (besides LOAF) supplied by?
ulnar nerve
what causes trigger finger?
nodule in the finger causes the pulley to becom inflamed
how do you treat trigger finger?
cut pulley
what does it mean to be an extrinsic muscle of the forearm?
controlled by the forearm
what do the intrinsic muscles of the hand do?
used for complex manipulation of the fingers
what do the interossei do?
flexion at MCP
extension at PIP
= spreading fingers in and out
cause of swan neck deformity?
PIP volar plate rupture/attrition
intrinsic muscle tightness
