Scoliosis and Spinal Deformity

Question 1

name the 4 categories of scoliosis

Answer 1

congenital
early onset idiopathic
late onset idiopathic
secondary

Question 2

what kind of pathologies can happen to the vertebrae in scoliosis

Answer 2

failure of formation

failure to separate (unilaterally or bilaterally)

Question 3

which scoliosis category can correct itself?

Answer 3

early onset idiopathic

Question 4

conditions that can produce a secondary sclerosis?

Answer 4

cerebral palsy
neuromuscular
tumour
spina bifida
muscular dystrophy

Question 5

non operative management of scoliosis

Answer 5

serial corrective casts
bracing
corrective exercises
electrical stimulation

Question 6

is non-operative management of scoliosis effective?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

requirements to undergo surgery for scoliosis

Answer 7

really bad deformity but have no other influencing factors

Question 8

what group of muscles are unbalanced in kyphosis?

Answer 8

erector spinae

Question 9

what is spondylolysis

Answer 9

defect in pars interarticularis of the vertebra

Question 10

what is spondylolisthesis

Answer 10

forward slippage of one vertebra on another

Question 11

treatment for lydsis and listhesis

Answer 11

conservative treatment

surgery

Question 12

what is the pathology in grade 1 + 2 spondylolisthesis

Answer 12

abnormal neighbouring discs

Question 13

what is the pathology in grade 3 spondylolisthesis

Answer 13

discogenic and nerve root problems