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2 MSK > Fracture Management: Lower Limb > Flashcards

Fracture Management: Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what is shenton’s line?

A

the curved line between the medial edge of the neck of the femur and the lateral edge of the superior pubic ramus

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2
Q

what fracture does a blurry shenton’s line indicate?

A

neck of the femur fracture

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3
Q

a proximal femur fracture is a fracture of what part of the body?

A

the hip

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4
Q

what does intracapsular mean?

A

a fracture of a bone that is enveloped by the hip joint capsule

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5
Q

what does an extracapsular fracture mean?

A

a fracture of bone below the hip joint capsule

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6
Q

are neck of the femur fractures an extra or intracapsular fracture?

A

intracapsular

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7
Q

name 3 types of fracture than can occur in the hip?

A

subcapital
intertrochanteric
subtrochanteric

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8
Q

management of a subcapital hip fracture for young and old patients?

A

THR- young

hemiarthroplasty- old

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9
Q

which of these fractures is extracapsular and which are intracapsular:
subtrochanteric
subcapital
intertrochanteric

A

extra
intra
extra

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10
Q

management of an intertrochanteric hip fracture?

A

internal fixation or dynamic hip screw

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11
Q

management of a subtrochanteric hip fracture?

A

internal fixation or dynamic hip screw

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12
Q

which kind of hip fracture needs stabilised with a thomas splint before any surgery?

A

subtrochanteric

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13
Q

what 2 sites of the thigh area can be fractured?

A

distal femur

femoral shaft

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14
Q

2 kinds of distal femur fracture?

A

intraarticular - involving knee

extraarticular - not involving knee

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15
Q

management of an extra-articular distal femur fracture?

A

IM nail if higher up

plating if distal

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16
Q

management of an intra-articular distal femur fracture?

A

anatomical reduction with rigid fixation/plate and screws

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17
Q

management of a stable femoral shaft fracture?

A

analgesia if femoral nerve blocked

thomas splint

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18
Q

management of an unstable femoral shaft frature?

A

IM nailing

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19
Q

most common cause of a distal femur fracture?

A

fall onto flexed knee and have osteoporosis

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20
Q

complications of a femoral shaft fracture?

A

ARDS

fat embolism

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21
Q

most common cause of a femoral shaft fracture?

A

high energy

22
Q

what 3 areas of the tibia can be prone to fracture?

A

proximal tibia
tibial shaft
distal tibia

23
Q

what 2 kinds of fracture can occur in a proximal tibial fracture?

A

intraarticular- involving knee

extraarticular- not involving knee

24
Q

what 2 kinds of fracture can occur in a distal tibial fracture?

A

intraarticular- involving ankle

extraarticular- not involving ankle

25
Q

cause of a proximal tibial fracture?

A

VALGUS stress i.e from high energy or osteoporosis

26
Q

what anatomical condition can occur after a proximal tibial fracture?

A

foot drop due to fibular nerve injury

27
Q

management of any proximal tibial fracture?

A

if high energy do high temp external fixation

if not do anatomical reduction and rigid fixation

28
Q

what percentage of displacement and degree of angulation would qualify for a knee cast in a tibial shaft fracture?

A

<50% displacement

<5 degrees angulation

29
Q

how would you manage a comminuted tibial shaft fracture?

A

IM nailing with plastics assistance

external fixation

30
Q

commonest cause of compartment syndrome after trauma?

A

a tibial shaft fracture

31
Q

how long does healing of a tibial shaft fracture take?

A

16 weeks

32
Q

how would you manage a stable extraarticular distal tibial fracture?

A

conservatively

33
Q

how would you manage an extraarticular distal tibial fracture that is very low down in the bone?

A

plate

34
Q

how would you manage an extraarticular distal tibial fracture that isn’t too low down in the bone?

A

IM nailing

35
Q

what is the most serious of all kinds of tibial fracture?

A

intraarticular distal tibial fracture

36
Q

management of an intraarticular distal tibial fracture?

A

early ORIF or bridging external fixation if soft tissue not ok
THEN bone graft

37
Q

another word for an intraarticular distal tibial fracture?

A

pilon fracture

38
Q

name the two areas of the ankle that can be fractured

A

distal tibia

distal fibula

39
Q

what would make a distal fibular ankle fracture unstable?

A

if the deltoid ligament was ruptured

40
Q

management of a stable distal fibular/tibial fracture

A

walking cast or splint for 6 weeks

conservative

41
Q

how would you manage an unstable distal fibular fracture?

A

ORIF with plates and screws

42
Q

mnemonic for the salter harris classification?

A 
S traight across = type 1
A bove = 2
L lower/below = 3
T wo/through = 4
E = 5
R = 6
43
Q

what joint can be affected in a calcaneal fracture?

A

subtalar joint

44
Q

cause of a calcaneal fracture?

A

fall from height

45
Q

management of heel fractures?

A

ORIF

46
Q

management of a midfoot fracture?

A

closed or open reduction with screw fixation

47
Q

another word for a midfoot fracture?

A

lisfranc fracture

48
Q

management of a stable metatarsal fracture?

A

moonboot for 4-6 weeks

49
Q

what fracture is commonly referred to as the “dancer’s fracture”

A

fracture of the base of MT 5

50
Q

management of a proximal metatarsal fracture?

A

fixation

bone grafting + fixation if bad

51
Q

common metatarsal for a stress fracture?

A

2

52
Q

how should you manage an open fracture of a toe?

A

debridement and stabilisation with wires

2 MSK (61 decks)

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