Fracture Management: Upper Limb Flashcards
what 3 kinds of fracture of the upper arm can you get?
proximal humeral
humeral shaft
distal humeral
how should you treat a proximal humeral fracture that is stable/minimally displaced?
conservative with sling
how should you treat a displaced proximal humeral fracture
internal fixation
what vessels and nerves can be affected in a proximal humeral fracture?
axillary artery
brachial plexus esp axillary nerve (regimental patch)
what area of the proximal humerus is most commonly fractured?
surgical neck
common cause of a proximal humeral fracture?
low energy fall in osteoporosis
how is a humeral shaft fracture managed most commonly?
functional humeral brace
what should be done in a distal humeral fracture that is in non-union?
plate and screw
what nerve could be injured in a humeral shaft fracture with wrist drop and loss of sensation in 1st dorsal web space
radial
what fracture of the humerus is most commonly seen in children?
supracondylar distal humeral fracture
management of a distal humeral fracture?
ORIF
elbow replacement if severe
management of an olecranon fracture?
ORIF
cause of an olecranon fracture?
fall onto point with triceps contraction
what sign on x ray indicates a radial head fracture?
fat pad sign
how would you manage a stable fracture of the radial head?
conservatively
how would you manage a comminuted radial head fracture
excise +/- replacement
management of an epicondyle fracture?
screw fixation
what fracture has most conservative management of all forearm fractures?
ulnar shaft
another word for ulnar shaft fracture?
nightstick fracture
management of fractures of both bones of the forearm?
ORIF with plates and screws
what is a monteggia fracture dislocation?
ulnar fracture with dislocation of the radial head at the elbow
what is a galeazzi fracture?
radial fracture with dislocation of the ulna at distal radioulnar joint
how are monteggia and galeazzi fractures managed?
ORIF
management of a stable colles fracture?
plaster
management of a displaced simple colles fracture?
MUA
management of a displaced, comminuted colles fracture?
MUA
K wiring
ORIF
cause of a colles fracture?
FOOSH with extended wrist
complications of a colles fracture?
median nerve compression
EPL rupture
CRPS
what fracture gets the “dinner fork” deformity?
colles fracture
smith fracture management?
ORIF with plate and screws
where is a smith fracture?
distal radius
bartons fracture management?
ORIF
tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox after FOOSH with pain on compression of the thumb?
scaphoid fracture
which fracture needs a 4 x ray view?
scaphoid
what x ray views are needed for a scaphoid fracture?
lateral
AP
2 oblique
how should a suspected scaphoid fracture be treated?
splint the wrist
how should an undisplaced scaphoid fracture be treated?
plaster cast for 6-12 weeks
how should a displaced scaphoid fracture be treated?
special comrpession screw
what metacarpals are treated conservatively if fractured?
3, 4, 5
how should an unstable phalangeal fracture be managed?
k wires or small scews
