Role of USS, CT, MRI in Imaging Trauma Flashcards
what risks are posed to someone with an immobilised lower limb?
dehydration starvation DVT PE pneumonia
why is CT better than x ray?
is cross sectional so dont get overlap of anatomical structures or limitations due to plane
best imaging for superficial soft tissue structures?
USS
typical sites of impacted fractures?
femoral neck
tibial plateau
calcaneus
what most commonly causes a pelvic ring fracture?
road traffic accident
fall from height
who tends to get pelvic ring fractures?
young people
first line test for people with 1 fracture?
x ray
first line test for people with multiple fractures?
CT
who commonly gets low energy pelvic ring fractures?
old people with OA after a fall
where do fractures of the pelvic ring tend to occur
sacrum
pubic rami
most common pelvic sports injuries?
muscle tear
tendon avulsion
is hip dislocation typically anterior or posterior?
posterior
what associated fracture do you get with hip dislocation?
acetabular rim fracture
complications of hip dislocation?
femoral head AVN
early OA
do intra or extracapsular fractures interfere with blood supply to femoral head?
intracapsular
do you get femoral head AVN in extracapsular or intracapsular?
intra
how do you treat extracapsular fractures?
internal fixation by dynamic hip screw
how do you treat intracapsular fractures?
hemiarthoplasty
could try screw fixation
are femoral shaft fractures obvious on x rays?
yes
what soft tissues of the knee should be examined
patellar tendon
quadriceps tendon
suprapatellar fat space
associated symptoms of knee soft tissue injury?
effusion
what structure is commonly affected by a tibial plateau fracture?
lateral condyle
what knee soft tissue injuries are well imaged by US?
quadriceps
patellar tendon tear
what knee soft tissue injuries are well imaged by MRI?
meniscal tear
cruciate/collateral/ligamentous injuries
hyaline cartilage damage
subtle fracture
which condition is associated with a locked knee?
meniscal tear
is hyaline cartilage damage visible on x ray?
no
what injury mechanism typically causes ankle injury?
inversion
eversion
what imaging is best for complex ankle fractures?
CT
what fracture’s symptoms can mask a 5th metatarsal base fracture?
lateral malleolar fracture
what does calcaneal compression fracture look like on x ray?
loss of the peak
increased bone density
best imaging for a calcaneal fracture?
CT
are sesamoid bones more common in upper or lower limb
lower
which metatarsal has a longitudinal accessory ossification centre at its base?
5th
where would you find the fabella?
posterior to distal femur
what is the fabella?
sesamoid bone within the lateral head of gastrocnemius
what is the os trigonum?
accessory ossification centre
where is the os trigonum seen?
posterior to the talus
where are rounded sesamoid bones found most commonly on the foot?
medial and lateral plantar aspects of 1st metatarsal head
best imaging for ankle tendon rupture?
USS
