Microbiology Flashcards
treatment for staph aureus
flucloxacillin
treatment for staph epidermis
vancomycin
treatment for gram negatives
doxycycline
clindamycin
length of treatment for osteomyelitis
6 weeks
where do you usually get osteomyelitis?
long bones
what is osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and medullary cavity
best form of indirect diagnosis for osteomyelitis
MRI
best form of direct diagnosis of osteomyelitis
bone biopsy (histology via surgical sample) probe to bone test
what would an area of visible bone and infection indicate?
osteomyelitis
when would you suspect osteomyelitis in an ulcer?
> 2cm for >2months
how to treat osteomyelitis?
remove infected tissue
drain
debride
when would you give empiric antibiotics before you know the microbe?
sepsis
soft tissue infection
causes of osteomyelitis
open fractures
diabetes/vascular insufficiency
prosthetic joint infection
what does an open fracture look like?
bone has split, can usually see it
when would you suspect an open fracture is infected?
poor wound healing
appearance
smell
appearance of a diabetic foot?
ischaemia
claw-like toes curled
loss of sensation
cavus deformity under foot
when does staph epi become problematic?
prosthetic limbs and hip replacements
what would you give for osteomyelitis
flucloxacillin iv
what would you give for osteomyelitis if someone was penicilin allergic
vancomycin iv
what would you take for osteomyelitis when you are switching to oral antibiotics
doxycycline
what would you give for gram negative cover of osteomyelitis
gentamicin
who commonly gets haematogenou osteomyelitis
children PWID dialysis elderly IV lines
what bacteria typically cause UTIs?
gram negs
what bacteria typically cause mouth infections?
strep
name a toxic enzyme produced by B haemolytic strep
haemolysin
2 types of a-haemolytic strep?
strep pneumoniae
strep viridans
name 2 unusual regions where osteomyelitis can occur
pubic region
clavicle
what diseases can increase the risk of osteomyelitis
diabetes sickle cell gaucher's SAPHO CRMO
do adults tend to get SAPHO or CRMO?
SAPHO
symptoms of SAPHO/CRMO
fever weight loss malaise osteitis exacerbation
commonly in chest wall/pelvis
common co-morbidity of vertebral osteomyelitis
psoas/vertebral abscess
PWID
GU infections
post op
what uncommon bacteria is common in sickle cell disease?
salmonella
why do you have to be careful not to overlook vertebral osteomyelitis
many of them dont have a fever or insidious pain/tenderness
is vertebral TB infectious?
no
risk factors for infection of a prosthesis?
rheumatoid
diabetes
malnutrition
obesity
what would an early wound infection of a prosthesis be caused by?
haematoma
wound sepsis
what would a late wound infection of a prosthesis indicate?
contamination at time of operation
who gets brucellosis of the spine?
vets
unpasteurised milk drinkers
farmers
how many vertebrae does TB typically affect?
2, causing them to collapse
what would you treat prosthesis infection by coagulase negative staph with?
vancomycin
ciprofloxacin
treatment for septic arthritis in adults
fluclox
treatment for septic arthritis in children
fluclox
ceftriaxone
which antibiotic covers haemophilus influenzae
ceftriaxone
what do you give for septic arthritis if penicillin allergic
clindamycin
bacteria responsible for tetanus
clostridium tetani
what do c. tetani look like under microscope?
gram +ve anaerobic rods
what does c. tetani do to body to cause paralysis
binds to inhibitory neurones preventing neurotransmitter release
