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2 MSK > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

treatment for staph aureus

A

flucloxacillin

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2
Q

treatment for staph epidermis

A

vancomycin

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3
Q

treatment for gram negatives

A

doxycycline

clindamycin

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4
Q

length of treatment for osteomyelitis

A

6 weeks

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5
Q

where do you usually get osteomyelitis?

A

long bones

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6
Q

what is osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone and medullary cavity

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7
Q

best form of indirect diagnosis for osteomyelitis

A

MRI

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8
Q

best form of direct diagnosis of osteomyelitis

A 
bone biopsy (histology via surgical sample)
probe to bone test
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9
Q

what would an area of visible bone and infection indicate?

A

osteomyelitis

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10
Q

when would you suspect osteomyelitis in an ulcer?

A

> 2cm for >2months

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11
Q

how to treat osteomyelitis?

A

remove infected tissue
drain
debride

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12
Q

when would you give empiric antibiotics before you know the microbe?

A

sepsis

soft tissue infection

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13
Q

causes of osteomyelitis

A

open fractures
diabetes/vascular insufficiency
prosthetic joint infection

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14
Q

what does an open fracture look like?

A

bone has split, can usually see it

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15
Q

when would you suspect an open fracture is infected?

A

poor wound healing
appearance
smell

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16
Q

appearance of a diabetic foot?

A

ischaemia
claw-like toes curled
loss of sensation
cavus deformity under foot

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17
Q

when does staph epi become problematic?

A

prosthetic limbs and hip replacements

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18
Q

what would you give for osteomyelitis

A

flucloxacillin iv

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19
Q

what would you give for osteomyelitis if someone was penicilin allergic

A

vancomycin iv

20
Q

what would you take for osteomyelitis when you are switching to oral antibiotics

A

doxycycline

21
Q

what would you give for gram negative cover of osteomyelitis

A

gentamicin

22
Q

who commonly gets haematogenou osteomyelitis

A 
children
PWID
dialysis
elderly
IV lines
23
Q

what bacteria typically cause UTIs?

A

gram negs

24
Q

what bacteria typically cause mouth infections?

A

strep

25
Q

name a toxic enzyme produced by B haemolytic strep

A

haemolysin

26
Q

2 types of a-haemolytic strep?

A

strep pneumoniae

strep viridans

27
Q

name 2 unusual regions where osteomyelitis can occur

A

pubic region

clavicle

28
Q

what diseases can increase the risk of osteomyelitis

A 
diabetes
sickle cell
gaucher's
SAPHO
CRMO
29
Q

do adults tend to get SAPHO or CRMO?

A

SAPHO

30
Q

symptoms of SAPHO/CRMO

A 
fever
weight loss
malaise
osteitis
exacerbation

commonly in chest wall/pelvis

31
Q

common co-morbidity of vertebral osteomyelitis

A

psoas/vertebral abscess
PWID
GU infections
post op

32
Q

what uncommon bacteria is common in sickle cell disease?

A

salmonella

33
Q

why do you have to be careful not to overlook vertebral osteomyelitis

A

many of them dont have a fever or insidious pain/tenderness

34
Q

is vertebral TB infectious?

A

no

35
Q

risk factors for infection of a prosthesis?

A

rheumatoid
diabetes
malnutrition
obesity

36
Q

what would an early wound infection of a prosthesis be caused by?

A

haematoma

wound sepsis

37
Q

what would a late wound infection of a prosthesis indicate?

A

contamination at time of operation

38
Q

who gets brucellosis of the spine?

A

vets
unpasteurised milk drinkers
farmers

39
Q

how many vertebrae does TB typically affect?

A

2, causing them to collapse

40
Q

what would you treat prosthesis infection by coagulase negative staph with?

A

vancomycin

ciprofloxacin

41
Q

treatment for septic arthritis in adults

A

fluclox

42
Q

treatment for septic arthritis in children

A

fluclox

ceftriaxone

43
Q

which antibiotic covers haemophilus influenzae

A

ceftriaxone

44
Q

what do you give for septic arthritis if penicillin allergic

A

clindamycin

45
Q

bacteria responsible for tetanus

A

clostridium tetani

46
Q

what do c. tetani look like under microscope?

A

gram +ve anaerobic rods

47
Q

what does c. tetani do to body to cause paralysis

A

binds to inhibitory neurones preventing neurotransmitter release

2 MSK (61 decks)

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