Clinical Anatomy of the Lower Limb

Question 1

why is the pelvis at a particular risk of bleeding if fractured?

Answer 1

has alot of arteries and veins around it

Question 2

main nerves involved in bladder and bowel control

Answer 2

pudental

pelvis splanchnic

Question 3

what is the hip capsule?

Answer 3

a group of ligaments that form around the neck of the femur

Question 4

where are the retinacular arteries found?

Answer 4

underneath the hip capsule in the neck of the femur

Question 5

what do the end arteries in the head of the femur supply? is this supply strong/weak?

Answer 5

superior head of the femur; weak

Question 6

which arteries of the lower limb are particularly susceptible to avascular necrosis and why?

Answer 6

small end arteries of the head of the femur; can get easily blocked by fat, thrombus, nitrogen gas

Question 7

muscle trauma that usually happens in the anterior thigh?

Answer 7

tears

quad/patellar tendon rupture

Question 8

muscle trauma that usually happens in the posterior thigh?

Answer 8

tears

hamstring origin avulsion

Question 9

nerve supply to adductors?

Answer 9

obturator nerve

Question 10

what nerve refers pain from hip pathology to knee?

Answer 10

obturator nerve

Question 11

X muscle transmits the femoral artery and vein from X into popliteal fossa

Answer 11

adductor hiatus

subsartorial (Hunter’s)

Question 12

X muscle transmits X nerve whch supplies sensation to medial calf and shin

Answer 12

adductor hiatus

saphenous nerve

Question 13

2 types of cartilage in the knee?

Answer 13

hyaline

fibrocartilaginous menisci

Question 14

is medial meniscus fixed or mobile?

Answer 14

fixed

Question 15

is lateral meniscus fixed or mobile

Answer 15

mobile

Question 16

most common pathology to the menisci?

Answer 16

meniscal tear

Question 17

which collateral ligament resists vagus stress?

Answer 17

medial collateral ligament

Question 18

which collateral ligament resists internal rotation?

Answer 18

anterior collateral ligament

Question 19

which collateral ligament resists posterior translation tibia?

Answer 19

posterior collateral ligament

Question 20

which collateral ligament resists anterior translocation tibia?

Answer 20

anterior collateral ligament

Question 21

which collateral ligament resists varus stress

Answer 21

lateral

Question 22

what is the average tibiofemoral angle for a human?

Answer 22

6 degree valgus

Question 23

is the anatomic or mechanical axis better for us to walk on?

Answer 23

mechanical

Question 24

what are patients with genu varum/valgum at increased risk of?

Answer 24

osteoarthritis

Question 25

what are people who kneel alot at risk of?

Answer 25

inflamed bursae

Question 26

nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 26

deep fibular nerve

Question 27

nerve supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 27

superficial peroneal

Question 28

nerve supply to the deep part of the posterior leg?

Answer 28

tibial

Question 29

nerve supply to the superior posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 29

tibial nerve

Question 30

why are compartment syndrome patients at risk of ischaemia?

Answer 30

pressure from swelling occludes venous drainage

Question 31

name the 3 lateral ligaments of the ankle

Answer 31

anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament

Question 32

what is tarsal coalition?

Answer 32

abnormal coalitions between tarsal bones

Question 33

cause of flat foot?

Answer 33

tibialis posterior tendon can elongate

Question 34

what components make up the medial arch?

Answer 34

tibialis posterior

plantar fascia