Clinical Anatomy of the Lower Limb Flashcards
why is the pelvis at a particular risk of bleeding if fractured?
has alot of arteries and veins around it
main nerves involved in bladder and bowel control
pudental
pelvis splanchnic
what is the hip capsule?
a group of ligaments that form around the neck of the femur
where are the retinacular arteries found?
underneath the hip capsule in the neck of the femur
what do the end arteries in the head of the femur supply? is this supply strong/weak?
superior head of the femur; weak
which arteries of the lower limb are particularly susceptible to avascular necrosis and why?
small end arteries of the head of the femur; can get easily blocked by fat, thrombus, nitrogen gas
muscle trauma that usually happens in the anterior thigh?
tears
quad/patellar tendon rupture
muscle trauma that usually happens in the posterior thigh?
tears
hamstring origin avulsion
nerve supply to adductors?
obturator nerve
what nerve refers pain from hip pathology to knee?
obturator nerve
X muscle transmits the femoral artery and vein from X into popliteal fossa
adductor hiatus
subsartorial (Hunter’s)
X muscle transmits X nerve whch supplies sensation to medial calf and shin
adductor hiatus
saphenous nerve
2 types of cartilage in the knee?
hyaline
fibrocartilaginous menisci
is medial meniscus fixed or mobile?
fixed
is lateral meniscus fixed or mobile
mobile
most common pathology to the menisci?
meniscal tear
which collateral ligament resists vagus stress?
medial collateral ligament
which collateral ligament resists internal rotation?
anterior collateral ligament
which collateral ligament resists posterior translation tibia?
posterior collateral ligament
which collateral ligament resists anterior translocation tibia?
anterior collateral ligament
which collateral ligament resists varus stress
lateral
what is the average tibiofemoral angle for a human?
6 degree valgus
is the anatomic or mechanical axis better for us to walk on?
mechanical
what are patients with genu varum/valgum at increased risk of?
osteoarthritis
what are people who kneel alot at risk of?
inflamed bursae
nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?
deep fibular nerve
nerve supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?
superficial peroneal
nerve supply to the deep part of the posterior leg?
tibial
nerve supply to the superior posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial nerve
why are compartment syndrome patients at risk of ischaemia?
pressure from swelling occludes venous drainage
name the 3 lateral ligaments of the ankle
anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament
what is tarsal coalition?
abnormal coalitions between tarsal bones
cause of flat foot?
tibialis posterior tendon can elongate
what components make up the medial arch?
tibialis posterior
plantar fascia
