Shoulder Pathologies Flashcards
is the subscapularis at the front or back of the shoulder joint anatomically?
anterior
are the muscles at the front or back of the shoulder responsible for external rotation?
back
are the muscles at the front or back of the shoulder responsible for internal rotation?
front
is internal or external rotation stronger?
internal
what does shoulder instability look like on an x ray?
light bulb like
hillsach lesions
what is a hillsach lesion?
indent in part of the humeral head
what happens to the shoulder after repetitive voluntary shoulder dislocations?
destabilised rotator cuff muscles
tests for general joint laxity?
thumb to forefinger
fingers back
hands to floor
what method of putting shoulder back into place should be done for patients who have had multiple dislocation?
stimson method
what lesion is commonly seen in anterior shoulder dislocation?
hillsach lesion
is impingement syndrome common?
yes
most common type of rotator cuff arthropathy
glenohumeral joint arthritis
which shoulder condition commonly presents with pins and needles in the fingers?
impingement syndrome
requirement for patients getting an USS on shoulder?
the shoulder has to be mobile
how long does an impingement take to heal?
3-4 months
what muscles experience particular wasting in a cuff tear?
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
what is the horn blower sign?
cant hold their arm out in an L shape for long
what does the horn blower sign mean
weak teres minor and infraspinatus
radiological signs of cuff tear?
greater tuberosity morphs into spherical humeral head
what is the pathology of a frozen shoulder?
synovitis
is it likely to reoccur?
yes
what joint is most commonly affected?
glenohumeral
why cant you diagnose a frozen shoulder without a radiograph?
differentials are too similar
what are the differentials for a suspected frozen shoulder?
OA of shoulder
locked posterior dislocation
what would a frozen shoulder look like on a scope?
red and inflamed synovium
how long should a frozen shoulder patient be in a sling?
as short as possible
why do you get subchondral cysts
sclerosis decreases blood supply to bone -> death causes them
treatment for GH arthritis
GH arthroplasty to mediate centre of rotation
how would you know if carpal tunnel is particularly severe?
there is pronounced muscle wasting
how many flexor tendons does each digit have?
2 for each finger
1 for thumb
what is the only muscle you test for in carpal tunnel?
abductor pollicis brevis
what digits does the median nerve innervate
thumb
index
middle
half ring finger
what nerve supplies the rest of the hand?
ulnar
why are carpal tunnel patients quite clumsy with their hands?
get bad proprioceptor feedback
clinical features of cubital tunnel syndrome?
claw deformity
wasting of the hypothenar eminence
