Shoulder Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

is the subscapularis at the front or back of the shoulder joint anatomically?

A

anterior

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2
Q

are the muscles at the front or back of the shoulder responsible for external rotation?

A

back

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3
Q

are the muscles at the front or back of the shoulder responsible for internal rotation?

A

front

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4
Q

is internal or external rotation stronger?

A

internal

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5
Q

what does shoulder instability look like on an x ray?

A

light bulb like

hillsach lesions

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6
Q

what is a hillsach lesion?

A

indent in part of the humeral head

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7
Q

what happens to the shoulder after repetitive voluntary shoulder dislocations?

A

destabilised rotator cuff muscles

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8
Q

tests for general joint laxity?

A

thumb to forefinger
fingers back
hands to floor

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9
Q

what method of putting shoulder back into place should be done for patients who have had multiple dislocation?

A

stimson method

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10
Q

what lesion is commonly seen in anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

hillsach lesion

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11
Q

is impingement syndrome common?

A

yes

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12
Q

most common type of rotator cuff arthropathy

A

glenohumeral joint arthritis

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13
Q

which shoulder condition commonly presents with pins and needles in the fingers?

A

impingement syndrome

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14
Q

requirement for patients getting an USS on shoulder?

A

the shoulder has to be mobile

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15
Q

how long does an impingement take to heal?

A

3-4 months

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16
Q

what muscles experience particular wasting in a cuff tear?

A

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

17
Q

what is the horn blower sign?

A

cant hold their arm out in an L shape for long

18
Q

what does the horn blower sign mean

A

weak teres minor and infraspinatus

19
Q

radiological signs of cuff tear?

A

greater tuberosity morphs into spherical humeral head

20
Q

what is the pathology of a frozen shoulder?

A

synovitis

21
Q

is it likely to reoccur?

A

yes

22
Q

what joint is most commonly affected?

A

glenohumeral

23
Q

why cant you diagnose a frozen shoulder without a radiograph?

A

differentials are too similar

24
Q

what are the differentials for a suspected frozen shoulder?

A

OA of shoulder

locked posterior dislocation

25
Q

what would a frozen shoulder look like on a scope?

A

red and inflamed synovium

26
Q

how long should a frozen shoulder patient be in a sling?

A

as short as possible

27
Q

why do you get subchondral cysts

A

sclerosis decreases blood supply to bone -> death causes them

28
Q

treatment for GH arthritis

A

GH arthroplasty to mediate centre of rotation

29
Q

how would you know if carpal tunnel is particularly severe?

A

there is pronounced muscle wasting

30
Q

how many flexor tendons does each digit have?

A

2 for each finger

1 for thumb

31
Q

what is the only muscle you test for in carpal tunnel?

A

abductor pollicis brevis

32
Q

what digits does the median nerve innervate

A

thumb
index
middle
half ring finger

33
Q

what nerve supplies the rest of the hand?

A

ulnar

34
Q

why are carpal tunnel patients quite clumsy with their hands?

A

get bad proprioceptor feedback

35
Q

clinical features of cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

claw deformity

wasting of the hypothenar eminence