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2 MSK > Fractures > Flashcards

Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

is primary or secondary bone healing more common?

A

secondary

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2
Q

what fills in the fracture gap in primary bone healing?

A

bone

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3
Q

what fills in the fracture gap in secondary bone healing?

A

granulation tissue THEN cartilage THEN bone

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4
Q

what comprises a “soft callus”?

A

cartilage

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5
Q

typical path of fracture healing?

A

haematoma -> soft callus -> hard callus -> remodelling

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6
Q

what fracture complications should you look out for when examining a fracture?

A

neurovascular problems
soft tissue injury
compartment syndrome

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7
Q

cause of a comminution fracture?

A

high energy

poor quality bone

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8
Q

treatment for a fit patient with an unstable fracture?

A

operative stabilisation

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9
Q

treatment for a s imple, minimally displaced fracture that is stable?

A

conservative management

splint

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10
Q

when should you not do open reduction internal fixation surgery?

A

high energy fracture,

soft tissue swelling

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11
Q

treatment for a displaced intraarticular fracture?

A

anatomic reduction and rigid internal fixation to prevent post traumatic OA

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12
Q

when should you consider joint replacement in a peri articular fracture?

A

risk of non-union,

AVN

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13
Q

treatment for open fractures?

A

antibiotics
early debridement
operative stabilisation

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14
Q

treatment for compartment syndrome

A

fasciotomy

operative stabilisation

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15
Q

treatment for vascular injury with fracture?

A

reduction
stabilisation
reassess circulation
revascularisation

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16
Q

most common cause of a femoral shaft fracture

A

high energy

pathological

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17
Q

risks for a femoral shaft fracture?

A

fat embolism

ARDS

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18
Q

treatment for femoral shaft fracture?

A

resus
analgesia
splintage

if unstable, IM nailing

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19
Q

treatment for an extra articular distal femur fracture?

A

thomas splint
nail if not too distal,
plating

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20
Q

treatment for an intra articular distal femur fracture?

A

anatomical reduction
rigid fixation
plate and screws

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21
Q

common cause of proximal tibial fractures?

A

valgus stress

high energy if young, low energy if old

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22
Q

investigations for proximal tibial fracture?

A

CT

23
Q

treatment for proximal tibial fracture?

A

anatomical reduction

rigid fixation

24
Q

can you get open fractures with a tibial shaft fracture?

A

yes, not uncommon

25
Q

conservative treatment for a tibial shaft fracture?

A

plaster

26
Q

operative treatment for a tibial shaft fracture?

A

IM nailing

plating

27
Q

what kind of fracture typically is a distal tibial fracture

A

pilon

28
Q

what other bone injuries are associated with a distal tibial fracture

A

spine
pelvis
calcaneus

29
Q

which fractures are considered to be surgical emergencies?

A

distal tibial

30
Q

treatment for distal tibial fracture?

A

bridging ex fix to allow soft tissues to settle

internal fixation once they have

31
Q

which ankle fractures are considered stable fractures

A

isolated distal fibular fracture,

minimally displaced medial malleolus fracture

32
Q

what ankle fractures are deemed to be unstable?

A

bimalleolar

33
Q

who gets proximal humeral fractures?

A

elderly osteoporotic patients

34
Q

complications of a proximal humeral fracture?

A

brachial plexus/ axillary artery injury

AVN

35
Q

treatment for proximal humeral fracture?

A

old- conservative

young- internal fixation

36
Q

usual treatment for an intra articular fracture?

A

open reduction internal fixation

37
Q

what kind of fracture is an olecranon fracture usually?

A

avulsion

38
Q

how should you treat a comminuted fracture of the radial head?

A

excise +/- replacement

39
Q

what injury in what other structure can be suspected if the radius is fractured?

A

dislocated distal radioulnar joint

40
Q

what injury in what other structure can be suspected if the ulna is fractured?

A

dislocation of radial head

41
Q

treatment if both forearm bones fractured?

A

ORIF

42
Q

what is a colles fracture?

A

extra articular fracture, dorsal angulation, dorsal displacement

43
Q

what action causes a smiths fracture?

A

falling onto back of hand

44
Q

where does a smiths fracture happen?

A

distal radius

45
Q

treatment for a smiths fracture?

A

ORIF

46
Q

what injuries would come under a polytrauma

A

long bones +/- pelvis

47
Q

what fractures tend to cause the most bleeding?

A

pelvic

femoral shaft

48
Q

treatment for polytrauma?

A

skeletal stabilisation

reduced bleeding and fat embolism

49
Q

what is 1st degree nerve injury called?

A

neurapraxia

50
Q

what happens in neurapraxia?

A

temporary conduction block

51
Q

what is 2nd degree nerve block called?

A

axonotmesis

52
Q

what happens in axonotmesis

A

nerve cell axon dies distally from point of injury

53
Q

can 1st or 2nd degree nerve injury repair itself?

A

both can

54
Q

treatment for nerve injury that isnt repairing itself?

A

nerve conduction study then
nerve gafting
tendon transfer

2 MSK (61 decks)

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