Soc14 Muscular System

Question 1

Gluteals

Answer 1

Location:In the middle of the body at the back forming at the bottom

Function:Adduct and Extend the legs at hips,pull the legs backwards

Question 2

Hamstrings

Answer 2

Location:At the top of each leg at the back

Function:Flex the legs at the knees

Question 3

Gastrocnemius

Answer 3

Location:At the bottom of each leg at the back,also known as calf muscles

Function:point the toes (Plantar-Flexion) at the ankle

Question 4

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 4

Location:At the back of body either side of chest

Function:Pull your arms down at the shoulders behind your back (Adduct and Extend)

Question 5

Tricep

Answer 5

Location:At the top of each arm at the back

Function: Extend arm into elbow

Question 6

Deltoids

Answer 6

Location:In the upper part of body covering the shoulders

Function:Raise the arms in all directions at the shoulders

Question 7

Bicep

Answer 7

Location:At the top of each arm at the front

Function:Flex the arms at elbows

Question 8

Quadriceps

Answer 8

Location:At the top of each leg at the front

Function:Extend leg at knee

Question 9

Pectoralis Major

Answer 9

Location:In the upper part of the chest at the front

Function:Adduct the arm at the shoulder

Question 10

External Obliques

Answer 10

Location:To the side of abdomen

Function:Pull chest downwards flex and rotate the spinal column

Question 11

Tibialis Anterior

Answer 11

Location:Runs down shin

Function:Pull the toes up toward the shin (Dorsi-Flexion)

Question 12

Hip Flexors

Answer 12

Location:Sit deep in the front of the hip and connect the legs

Function:Flex the hip help the leg and knee up towards the body

Question 13

What is an Antagonistic Pair

Answer 13

Where two muscles that work together to create a movement
This happens when a muscle contracts and pulls a bone it can produce a movement in one direction however muscles cannot push

When one muscles contacts its called the AGONIST
The other relaxing is called ANTAGONIST

Question 14

4 Antagonistic Muscle Pairs

Answer 14

Bicep/Tricep
Hamstring/Quadricep
Gastrocnemius/Tibialis Anterior
Gluteals/Hip Flexors

Question 15

Type I Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres

Answer 15

-Suit endurance activities - can work for long periods of time.
- They’re darker in colour because they contain Myoglobin, a red pigment that transports oxygen to the working muscles.

Question 16

Type IIa Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres

Answer 16

• Type Ila - used in anaerobic work which can be improved through high intensity interval training.
  Increasing their resistance to fatigue.

Question 17

Type IIx Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres

Answer 17

• Type IIx - used in highly explosive anaerobic work that can generate more power than other muscle fibres but fatigue very quickly.
• Suit speed events, such as sprinting or jumping (type Ila and type Ilx) are lighter in colour because they don’t use oxygen for energy.

Question 18

What is Myoglobin

Answer 18

Myoglobin is a red pigment that transports oxygen to the working muscles which gives a darker colour

Question 19

Voluntary Muscles

Answer 19

Voluntary muscles are under your control, you can choose when to contract or relax them. All these muscles are attached to the skeleton via tendons.When your muscles contract
movement takes place.

They are usually made up of cylinder shaped fibres and are usually long and thin but get shorter and fatter when contracted.

Question 20

Involuntary Muscles

Answer 20

Involuntary muscles are not under our control. They contract and relax automatically controlled by the involuntary nervous system. They can be found in the digestive organs, circulatory and urinary systems.

The are usually made up of spindle shaped fibres. The involuntary muscles of the blood vessels are especially important for sport. By the muscles contracting and relaxing it helps distribute blood to areas it is most needed.

Question 21

Cardiac Muscles

Answer 21

Only found in the wall of the heart it is a very specialised type of involuntary muscle. Cardiac muscle is made up of interlaced fibres. These fibres can spread electronical signals from the brain right through the heart so that all the cells can contract together. This regulates your heart rate and means that when you exercise your heart keeps pumping in the right way.