Soc14 Muscular System

Question 1

Gluteals

Answer 1

Location: At the back of the body, forming the bottom.
Function: Extend and adduct the leg at the hip, pull the leg backward

Question 2

Hamstrings

Answer 2

Location: At the back of the thigh.
Function: Flex the leg at the knee.

Question 3

Gastrocnemius

Answer 3

Location: At the back of the lower leg (calf).
Function: Point the toes (Plantar Flexion) at the ankle

Question 4

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 4

Location: At the back, either side of the chest.
Function: Adduct and extend the arm at the shoulder, pull arms down and behind the body.

Question 5

Tricep

Answer 5

Location: At the back of the upper arm.
Function: Extend the arm at the elbow.

Question 6

Deltoids

Answer 6

Location: On the shoulders. covering it

Function: Abduct (raise) the arm at the shoulder in all directions.

Question 7

Bicep

Answer 7

Location: At the front of the upper arm.
Function: Flex the arm at the elbow.

Question 8

Quadriceps

Answer 8

Location: At the front of the thigh.
Function: Extend the leg at the knee

Question 9

Pectoralis Major

Answer 9

Location: In the upper chest.
Function: Adduct the arm at the shoulder (bring arms towards the body).

Question 10

External Obliques

Answer 10

Location: To the side of the abdomen.
Function: Flex and rotate the spine, pull the chest downwards

Question 11

Tibialis Anterior

Answer 11

Location:Runs down shin

Function:Pull the toes up toward the shin (Dorsi-Flexion)

Question 12

Hip Flexors

Answer 12

Location:Sit deep in the front of the hip and connect the legs

Function:Flex the hip help the leg and knee up towards the body

Question 13

What is an Antagonistic Pair

Answer 13

Two muscles working together: one contracts (agonist) while the other relaxes (antagonist) to create movement.
muscles can only pull

Question 14

4 Antagonistic Muscle Pairs

Answer 14

Bicep/Tricep
Hamstring/Quadricep
Gastrocnemius/Tibialis Anterior
Gluteals/Hip Flexors

Question 15

Type I Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres

Answer 15

-Suit endurance activities - can work for long periods of time.
- They’re darker in colour because they contain Myoglobin, a red pigment that transports oxygen to the working muscles.

Question 16

Type IIa Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres

Answer 16

• Type Ila - used in anaerobic work which can be improved through high intensity interval training.
  Increasing their resistance to fatigue.

Question 17

Type IIx Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres

Answer 17

• Type IIx - used in highly explosive anaerobic work that can generate more power than other muscle fibres but fatigue very quickly.
• Suit speed events, such as sprinting or jumping (type Ila and type Ilx) are lighter in colour because they don’t use oxygen for energy.

Question 18

What is Myoglobin

Answer 18

Myoglobin is a red pigment that transports oxygen to the working muscles which gives a darker colour

Question 19

Voluntary Muscles

Answer 19

Under your control, they contract and relax for movement. Found in skeletal muscles. All these muscles are attached to the skeleton via tendons. When your muscles contract movement takes place.

Question 20

Involuntary Muscles

Answer 20

Function: Not under your control, they automatically contract and relax (e.g., in digestive and circulatory systems).

Question 21

Cardiac Muscles

Answer 21

Only found in the wall of the heart it is a very specialised type of involuntary muscle it is to pump blood. Cardiac muscle is made up of interlaced fibres. It contracts rhythmically to maintain the heart’s pumping action. As they are interlaced it allows electrical impulses to spread quickly across the heart, ensuring that all heart cells contract together. This helps regulate the heart rate, ensuring efficient blood flow during exercise and at rest.