Soc14 Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteals

A

Location:In the middle of the body at the back forming at the bottom

Function:Adduct and Extend the legs at hips,pull the legs backwards

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2
Q

Hamstrings

A

Location:At the top of each leg at the back

Function:Flex the legs at the knees

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3
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Location:At the bottom of each leg at the back,also known as calf muscles

Function:point the toes (Plantar-Flexion) at the ankle

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4
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Location:At the back of body either side of chest

Function:Pull your arms down at the shoulders behind your back (Adduct and Extend)

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5
Q

Tricep

A

Location:At the top of each arm at the back

Function: Extend arm into elbow

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6
Q

Deltoids

A

Location:In the upper part of body covering the shoulders

Function:Raise the arms in all directions at the shoulders

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7
Q

Bicep

A

Location:At the top of each arm at the front

Function:Flex the arms at elbows

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8
Q

Quadriceps

A

Location:At the top of each leg at the front

Function:Extend leg at knee

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9
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Location:In the upper part of the chest at the front

Function:Adduct the arm at the shoulder

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10
Q

External Obliques

A

Location:To the side of abdomen

Function:Pull chest downwards flex and rotate the spinal column

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11
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Location:Runs down shin

Function:Pull the toes up toward the shin (Dorsi-Flexion)

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12
Q

Hip Flexors

A

Location:Sit deep in the front of the hip and connect the legs

Function:Flex the hip help the leg and knee up towards the body

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13
Q

What is an Antagonistic Pair

A

Where two muscles that work together to create a movement
This happens when a muscle contracts and pulls a bone it can produce a movement in one direction however muscles cannot push

When one muscles contacts its called the AGONIST
The other relaxing is called ANTAGONIST

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14
Q

4 Antagonistic Muscle Pairs

A

Bicep/Tricep
Hamstring/Quadricep
Gastrocnemius/Tibialis Anterior
Gluteals/Hip Flexors

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15
Q

Type I Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres

A

-Suit endurance activities - can work for long periods of time.
- They’re darker in colour because they contain Myoglobin, a red pigment that transports oxygen to the working muscles.

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16
Q

Type IIa Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres

A
  • Type Ila - used in anaerobic work which can be improved through high intensity interval training.
    Increasing their resistance to fatigue.
17
Q

Type IIx Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres

A
  • Type IIx - used in highly explosive anaerobic work that can generate more power than other muscle fibres but fatigue very quickly.
  • Suit speed events, such as sprinting or jumping (type Ila and type Ilx) are lighter in colour because they don’t use oxygen for energy.
18
Q

What is Myoglobin

A

Myoglobin is a red pigment that transports oxygen to the working muscles which gives a darker colour

19
Q

Voluntary Muscles

A

Voluntary muscles are under your control, you can choose when to contract or relax them. All these muscles are attached to the skeleton via tendons.When your muscles contract
movement takes place.

They are usually made up of cylinder shaped fibres and are usually long and thin but get shorter and fatter when contracted.

20
Q

Involuntary Muscles

A

Involuntary muscles are not under our control. They contract and relax automatically controlled by the involuntary nervous system. They can be found in the digestive organs, circulatory and urinary systems.

The are usually made up of spindle shaped fibres. The involuntary muscles of the blood vessels are especially important for sport. By the muscles contracting and relaxing it helps distribute blood to areas it is most needed.

21
Q

Cardiac Muscles

A

Only found in the wall of the heart it is a very specialised type of involuntary muscle. Cardiac muscle is made up of interlaced fibres. These fibres can spread electronical signals from the brain right through the heart so that all the cells can contract together. This regulates your heart rate and means that when you exercise your heart keeps pumping in the right way.