Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

interactions > sleep medicine 1, 2, 3 > Flashcards

sleep medicine 1, 2, 3 Flashcards

1
Q

define what sleep is

A

distinct neurological state when organisms are unaware of its surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two signs to show animals are sleeping

A

dropping abdomen and drooping antennae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the three distinct states of brain activity

A
  1. wakefullness
  2. slow wave sleep NREM
  3. REM sleep also called paradoxical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the characterisation of slow wave sleep

A

the brain is tuned down and eyes are shut, unaware of our surroundings. the motor system is awake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what distinct stage of sleep do most parasomnias occur in

A

NREM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens during REM seep

A

the cortex is same activity as when awake but we are not aware of our surroundings, if you awake during REM you can report dreams.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what stage of sleep are you paralysed

A

REM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why are you paralysed in REM sleep

A

inhibition of the descending alpha motor neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is lucid dreaming

A

halfway between REM and wakefulness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is sleep paralysis

A

wake up from REM unable to move, paralysis is still present and motor system is not in wakefulness yet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

slow-wave sleep has what amplitude

A

high amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the four stages of NREM sleep

A
  1. drowsiness
  2. light sleep
  3. deeper sleep
  4. deepest sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what stage of NREM sleep is the first proper stage of sleep

A

light sleep (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why is NREM sleep low frequency with high amplitude

A

because the cells are synchronised cell firing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why is REM sleep high frequency with low amplitude

A

because the cells are desynchronised cell firing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can you tell if someone is in REM sleep?

A

rapid eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is skeletal muscle paralysis caused by

A

inhibition of descending alpha Motor neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

is sleep voluntary or involuntary

A

voluntary because we decide when to sleep. However, extreme sleep deprivation sleep is then involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the 3 process system that makes us sleep

A
  1. homeostatic
  2. circadian
  3. ultradian
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is sleep propensity

A

the pressure to sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why do we wake up?

A

due to decrease homeostatic and circadian pressure

22
Q

what prevents the body from recouping from missed sleep

A

body clock

23
Q

how many hours on average do we spend in REM sleep

A

1-2 hours

24
Q

how many hours on average do we spend in light sleep

A

2

25
Q

what can sleep disorders be categorised by

A
  1. disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep DIMS
  2. disorders of excessive sleepiness DOES
  3. parasomnias
  4. circadian rhythm disturbances
26
Q

what are the two categories of DIMS

A

acute or chronic

27
Q

what are examples of DIMS

A

insomnia, depression, poor sleep hygiene, drug induced, fatal familial insomnia

28
Q

what is fatal familial insomnia

A

very rare inherited condition, related to mad cow disease. Develops insomnia in teens and then die by mid 20’s

29
Q

what are examples of things that cause poor sleep hygiene

A

phones, tv, electronic distractions

30
Q

what are the examples of primary DOES

A

narcolepsy, cerebral injury, idiopathic hypersomnolence

31
Q

primary DOES are related too

A

related to brain disorders

32
Q

what is idiopathic hypersomnolence

A

naturally sleep people

33
Q

what is narcolepsy

A

an autoimmune disorder that causes a lack of orexin producing cells. this causes switches from REM to NREM = disrupted sleep

34
Q

what are the four main symptoms of narcolepsy

A
  1. irresistible sleepiness
  2. cataplexy
  3. hypnagogic hallucinations
  4. sleep paralysis
35
Q

what is cataplexy

A

motor inhibition of REM sleep, the patient is completely awake but there is sudden muscle weakness

36
Q

what are examples of secondary DOES

A
  1. obstructive sleep apnoea
  2. central sleep apnoea
  3. limb movement disorders
37
Q

obstructive sleep apnoea can cause

A

hypertension, MI, stroke, diabetes

38
Q

how does a person with obstructive sleep apnoea wake up

A

person struggles to breath, rising Co2 and lowering O2 causes the person to wake up

39
Q

what is bruxism

A

a type of parasomnia, teeth grinding

40
Q

what are examples of circadian rhythm disorders

A
  1. delayed sleep phase syndrome
  2. advanced sleep phase syndrome
  3. non-entrained circadian rhythm
41
Q

all teenagers experience what type of circadian rhythm disorder

A

delayed sleep phase syndrome

42
Q

what type of circadian rhythm disorder do the elderly experience

A

advanced sleep phase syndrome

43
Q

what do we look at when assessing sleep

A

duration, quality, architecture, associated phenomena

44
Q

how can we assess sleep duration

A
  1. sleep dairy
  2. actigraphy
  3. polysomnography
45
Q

limitations with sleep diaries

A

moderately objective, sleep often underestimated

46
Q

what is actigraphy

A

recording of movement when someone is sleeping, prolonged for around 6 weeks

movement = wakeful

little movement = sedated

no movement = sleep

47
Q

what is polysmnography

A

recording of physiological variables: EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG and body movement

48
Q

how can you record respiratory polysomnography

A

chest wall movement
air flow
airway pressures

49
Q

how can you record cardiovascular polysomnography

A

heart rate, heart variability, blood pressure

50
Q

how to assess wakefulness

A

questionnaires, multiple sleep latency, multiple wakefulness, vigilance testing

51
Q

what is the Epworth sleepiness scale

A

likelihood of falling asleep in 8 common situations

normal people: 2-10
insomnia : 0-6
narcolepsy: 13-23

52
Q

what are examples of combination tests for assessment of sleep

A

Berlin sleep apnoea questionnaire

Pittsburgh sleep quality index

interactions (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions