migration Flashcards
why is there not a definition for migrant
because there is no universally accepted definition, countries use their own criteria based on their own policies and leglistration
how many migrants are there globally
281 million
what is the popular terminology of who is a migrant
- people who leave place of legal origin and cross international boundaries
- migration is commonly represented as a slow and unidirectional process
- they are diverse groups
what is the difference between a migrant and a refugee
refugees are people fleeing armed conflict or persecution. Whereas a migrant chose to move not because of a direct threat but to improve their life.
what are the 4 types of migration and describe what they are
economic: to find work or follow a particular career path
social: for a better quality of life or to be closer to family or friends
political: to escape political prosecution or war
environment: to escape natural diasters
what is the difference between push and pull factors
a push factor is something negative that makes people want to move to a new area. A pull factor is something positive that attract people to move to a new place
how are migrants health affected?
conditions of refugee camps, personal, physical and psychological conditions either pre-existing or acquired whilst travelling.
what factors can hinder the health of a refugee or migrant
individual factors (age, sex…), lifestyle (socio-economic class), living conditions, working conditions, social and community factors, governance and socio-economic conditions
what are the migratory phases
- pre-migration phase
- movement phase
- arrival and integration phase
- return phase
what are indicators to measure migrants health
mortality, morbidity, health status, disability, nutrition, health system and health determinants
what is the impact of cold weather on migrants health
hypothermia, frost bite, increase risk of fracture and severe bacterial and viral infections
what is the impact of hot weather on migrants health
dehydration and exhaustion
life-threatening heat-stroke
what is the healthy migrant paradox?
being a migrant has some positive health indicators:
- low mortality rate
- higher life expectancy
- lower incidence and mortality due to cancer
- lower prevalence of CVD
what are the three ways populations change?
- genetic drift
- gene flow
- natural selection
what is gene flow
migration of genetical variation from a certain population to another. Process is significant in actualising diversity in a genetic pool
what is genetic drift
the alteration of a specific allele because of the organisms random sampling
name and describe the two mechanisms which cause genetic drift
- bottle effect: when population has experienced a catastrophe. Traits allele decreases since many organisms carrying the trait have passed
- founder effect: few members of a population leave this causes a significant shift of allele frequency depending on mating preferences within a new group
what type of genetic change occurs in a large population
gene flow
what is the reason for gene Floe
inbreeding
what are the push factors for the syria crisis
- rising death rate due to war and unrest
- little direct aid
- concerned about children
what are challenges faced by refugees
- conditions in refugee camps are poor
- conflict with the local people
- documentation or status is questioned
what are challenges faced by the destination country
- Small illegal businesses
- The number of children in the workplace has grown.
- The amount of crime has increased in places where refugees are located.
- There have been small but significant changes to local cultures, lifestyle and language.
- Some poor urban areas are experiencing waves of over-crowding.
how can you prevent communicable diseases
access to Sanitary facilities, sufficient amounts of safe drinking water, provision of immunisation, surveillance
