sleep and obesity Flashcards
what ethnicity gets the least reported amount of sleep
black
what are the effects of sleep deprivation
- impaired immune response
- risk of T2D
- increase obesity
- cognitive impairment
- memory loss
- tremors
- increased risk of heart disease
how can obesity affect sleep
- sleep disordered breathing
- obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
being a short sleeper as a child can cause
58% higher risk of obesity in adulthood
what are the biological clocks
circadian rhythms are controlled by groups of interacting molecules in cells throughout the body
what is the function of the master clock
coordinates all the body clocks
what is circadian rhythm
the physical, mental and behavioural changes that occur during a 24 hour period
what is the suprachiasmic nucleus
the master clock and controls the production of melatonin which makes you sleep
where are clock genes expressed
other brain areas and peripheral tissues
how are peripheral tissues synchronised
humoral, nutriment and autonomic wiring
what do CLOCK and BMAL1 genes do
expresse downstream target genes which regulate metabolic processes
what is the awake time of an extreme lark
4:30am - 7:30pm
how does circadian control of energy metabolism work
- SCN sends hormonal atomic neuronal pathways to extra-SCN regions
- extra-SCN regions regulate energy intake and energy exposure
a. a positive energy balance = obesity
b. a negative energy balance = leanness
circadian disruption and shift work is associated with
high-fat diet night eating sleep fragmentation increased adiposity increased triglycerides
what are the levels of Gherlin and Leptin in short sleeping individuals
leptin is lower
Ghrelin is higher
