preventative measures for cancer Flashcards
what are the 5 prevention methods for cancer
- genetic screening
- screening for premalignant disease
- immunisations
- lifestyle modifications
- environment
define what a Family history of cancer is
3+ relatives, same side, similar cancers
Define what early cancer genetic screening is
for people with 2+ relatives with early cancer diagnosis
define what multiple cancer genetic screening
1 relative has 2+ types of cancer
define what rare cancer genetic screening is
where 1 relative has a rare cancer
what are the family features of a BRCA1/2 mutation
male breast cancer, 2+ relatives <50 years with breast cancer, relative with bilateral breast cancer
what are the implications of having a BRCA1/2 gene mutation
> 50% risk of breast cancer by 70
give 4 examples of conditions you can genetically screen for?
- Li-fraumeni syndrome
- multiple endocrine neoplasia
- retinoblastoma
- familial adenomatous polyposis
what are the limitations of genetic screening
family tensions anxiety false security unclear results cost
what is process for screening for premalignant disease
identify those who are at risk based of non-modifiable factors
conduct non-invasive test
ideal test result
treat
cervical screening test checks for
human papilloma virus HPV
what is the target for cervical screening
women aged 25-64
what is the target for Breast cancer screening
females aged 50-71
who is the target for bowel cancer
56-74
what are the limitations of screening for premalignant disease
not everyone attends
false pos vs false neg
specificity vs sensitivity
need definitive treatment
what type of cancer is not screened in the UK
prostate cancer
what cancer does HPV cause
cervical cancer
what cancer does Hep B and C
Hepatocellular carcinoma
what cancer does Epstein Barr virus called
Nasopharyngeal, lymphoma
what cancer can HIV cause
Kaposi’s sarcoma
what does the hPV vaccine prevent
cervical cancer, genital warts, mouth/throat, vaginal and anal cancer
when is the Hep B given to babies
weeks 8,12,16
what are downstream modifications
deal directly with adverse health behaviours
what are upstream modifications
tackles wider influences on health behaviours through policy
what cancer can asbestos cause
mesothelioma
what type of cancer can paint and rubber cause
bladder
