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interactions > pharmodynamics > Flashcards

pharmodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

what type of reaction is within an above therapeutic range and give an example of the reaction

A

toxic reaction

example: bleeding following too high dose of anticoagulant

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2
Q

what type of reaction is within a therapeutic range and give an example of the reaction

A

collateral

example: drowsiness with antidepressant

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3
Q

what type of reaction is within a below therapeutic range and give an example of the reaction

A

hyper susceptibility reaction

example: penicillin reaction

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4
Q

What are first dose reactions and give an example

A

Occur straight away. hypotension after first dose of ACE inhibitor

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5
Q

give an example of the reaction of early reactions

A

nitrate-induced headache

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6
Q

What are intermediate reactions and give an example

A

Happen within days to weeks of taking the drug. thromboembolism due to antipsychotic drugs

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7
Q

What are late reactions give an example

A

bruising due to corticocosteroids

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8
Q

When do withdrawal reactions occur.

give an example of the reaction of withdrawal reactions

A

After the medication is stopped

SSRI antidepressant discontinuation

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9
Q

What are delayed reactions

give an example of the reaction of delayed reactions

A

Side effects that appear long after stopped. severe white blood cell loss after certain chemotherapy drugs

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10
Q

what are the four types of pharmocological actions of drugs

A
  1. via direct effects on cellular receptor function
    2 via action on ion Channels
  2. Via action on membrane transport processes
  3. via enzyme inhibition
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11
Q

what is an agonist

A

molecule that binds to a receptor and activates it

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12
Q

what is a partial agonist

A

an agonist that cannot illicit the same change as a full agnostic

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13
Q

what are antagonists

A

diminish or abolish the effect of an agonist via interaction with the receptor

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14
Q

what are the two types of antagonists

A

competitive and non-competitive

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15
Q

what are competitive antagonists

A

compete for the same binding site as the agonist

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16
Q

what are non-competitive antagonists

A

alter the binding ‘site’ for the agonist, which decreases agonist activity

17
Q

drugs that act on ion channels commonly affect…

what is an example of a drug

A

neural transmission and muscle contractibility and vaerapamil

18
Q

what is the function of transporters, what is a drug that affects the function

A

mediate the movement of specific endogenous molecules and nutrients in and out of the cell

Sertraline

19
Q

what are phrarmodynamic interactions

A

interactions between drugs which have similar or antagonistic pharmacological or side effects

20
Q

what are pharmokinetic interactions

A

part of a key point in the metabolism PK phase where drugs can directly alter the activity of the liver

21
Q

which type of interaction are predictable

A

phrarmodynamic

22
Q

what are pharmacogenetics

A

variations can occur in individual response to a drug, if you don’t have the enzyme you can’t metabolise the drug

23
Q

pharmcogenetics is important for

A

personalised medicine

24
Q

what is polypharmacy

A

where people take > 4 medicines simultaneously

25
Q

what is an adverse drug reaction

A

effect of a drug beyond its anticipated therapeutic effects occurring during clinical use

26
Q

what are adverse drug reactions ADRs classified by

A

DoTS classification

27
Q

what does DoTS classification stand for

A

Dose
time-course
susceptibility

28
Q

below dose ADRs result in

A

permanent avoidance of the drug

29
Q

within therapeutic range ADRs result in

A

may not be unavoidable, may not reduce by reducing dose

30
Q

above therapeutic range ADRs result in

A

treat by reducing dose

31
Q

what do ACE inhibitors effect

A

enzymes

32
Q

example Cytochrome PY50

what happens when CYP50 is induced

what happens during initiation of CYP50

what happens during withdrawal of CYP50

A
  1. rate of metabolism of other drug increases, decreasing plasma concentration = decreased effect
  2. rate of metabolism of other drug deceased, plasma concentration increases = toxicity
  3. plasma concentration of other drug increases = decreased rate of metabolism of other drug = increased plasma concentration and increased toxicity
33
Q

what are examples of drugs affected by PY50 induction/inhibition (remember the acronym COWPAT)

A

C ciclosporin
O oral contraceptive pill
W warparin

P phenytoin
A Ace inhibitors
T theophylline
S statins

interactions (52 decks)

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