Sleep disorders Flashcards
Disorder characterised by excessive sleepiness with repeated naps of short duration, associated with cataplexy and parasomnias such as hypnogogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis
Narcolepsy
Condition where strong emotion causes sudden physical collapse with consciousness retained throughout. Collapse last seconds to minutes with no amnesia associated.
Cataplexy
Peak age for narcolepsy to occur
Age 14
Sleep disorder consisting of repetitive and stereotyped limb movements during sleep, usually in the legs. Associated with partial awakening but amnesia for the event
Periodic limb movement disorder
Risk factors for restless leg syndrome
Older age Female sex Pregnancy Iron deficiency Renal failure Hypothyroidism Diabetes B12 deficiency
Sleep disorder involving a chronic pattern of 1-2 hour delays in onset of sleep and of wakening
Non 24 hour sleep wake syndrome
Peak age for sleepwalking
4-8
Sudden arousal from slow wave sleep with with a piercing scream and behavioural manifestations of extreme fear. with autonomic arousal. Usually amnesia for the episode occurs.
Sleep terrors
Sleep disorder involving repetitive movements of large muscles, usually of the head or neck. Starts just prior to going to sleep and continues into light sleep. Usually affects infants or young children.
Rhythmic movement disorder
Sudden brief contractions of the legs or occasionally arms occurring at sleep onset, often associated with the impression of falling, or with a hypnogogic hallucination.
Sleep starts
Frightening dreams that awake someone from REM sleep. Almost always a long, complicated dream that becomes gradually more thraeatening.
Nightmare
Deficiency associated with narcolepsy
Hypocretin
Tests used to investigate for narcolepsy
Multiple sleep latency test
Polysomnogram
Sleep deprived EEG
CSF analysis
HLA allele present in 99% of patients with narcolepsy - cannot be used diagnostically as a percentage of the unaffected population also has it
HLA DR2 (DR15/DQ6)
