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History of psychiatry Flashcards

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1
Q

Event responsible for the relocation of the centre of psychiatry from Europe to the US in the 20th century

A

Second world war

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2
Q

Most important figure in phenomenological psychopathology

A

Karl Jaspers

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3
Q

Syndrome which was named after a quick change actor who played multiple parts within his shows

A

Fregoli syndrome

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4
Q

Used camphor to induce seizures to treat psychosis

A

Ladislas Meduna

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5
Q

First used insulin coma therapy

A

Manfred Sakel

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6
Q

First used sodium bromide to induce a deep sleep for deep sleep therapy to treat psychiatric patients

A

Neil MacLeod

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7
Q

Popularised the use of lithium to treat mania

A

John Cade

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8
Q

Chemist associated with the development of chlorpromazine

A

Paul Charpentier

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9
Q

Introduced MAOIs

A

Kline

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10
Q

Discovered the antidepressant effect of imipramine

A

Kuhn

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11
Q

Meaning of the word schizophrenia

A

Split mind

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12
Q

Responsible for care of inmates at the Bicêtre Hospital in Paris in 1793 and instituted more humane treatment there

A

Pinel

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13
Q

First used the term learning disability

A

Samuel Kirk

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14
Q

Neurosurgeon who was born in Virginia in 1904 and was an advocate and prolific practitioner for psychosurgery, especially lobotomy

A

James Watts

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15
Q

Associated with the biopsychosocial model

A

George Engel

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16
Q

Associated with the diathesis stress model of depression

A

Aaron Beck

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17
Q

Associated with genetic determinism

A

Weismann

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18
Q

First neurotransmitter to be identified

A

Acetylcholine

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19
Q

Type of eugenics where there is reduction of reproduction between individuals with ‘undesirable’ traits

A

Negative eugenics

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20
Q

Type of eugenics where there is increased reproduction between individuals with ‘desirable’ traits

A

Positive eugenics

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21
Q

Type of eugenics carried out in Nazi Germany which involved the forced sterilisation of those with learning disabilities

A

Negative eugenics

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22
Q

The idea that the IQ of a population falls over time as those with a higher IQ have fewer children

A

Dysgenics

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23
Q

Argued that paternalism only applies to autonomous individuals

A

Beauchamp

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24
Q

First described the concept of expressed emotion

A

Brown

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25
Q

Described the schizophrenogenic mother

A

Fromm-Reichmann

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26
Q

Psychiatric diagnostic manual that first introduced widespread operationalised criteria in mental health diagnosis

A

DSM III

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27
Q

First advocated a multi-axial formation to psychiatric diagnosis in 1947

A

Essen-Möller

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28
Q

Argued that disturbance in ‘part functions’ of the brain e.g. emotion, perception etc. was key to understanding mental illness, and was strongly against using socially deviant behaviour as a part of diagnosis

A

Lewis

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29
Q

Neurologist whose demonstration of hypnosis triggered Sigmund Freud’s interest in psychological therapy

A

Charcot

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30
Q

Developed the theory of animal magnetism

A

Mesmer

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31
Q

Founded the therapeutic community Kingsley Hall

A

RD Laing

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32
Q

First described dysmorphophobia

A

Morselli

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33
Q

Year in which dysmorphophobia was first described

A

1886

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34
Q

First developed ECT

A

Cerletti

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35
Q

Year in which ECT was first developed

A

1938

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36
Q

Year in which dementia praecox was first described

A

1893

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37
Q

Conducted work on marital therapy in 1967

A

Dicks

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38
Q

Year in which the first rank symptoms of schizophrenia were first described

A

1959

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39
Q

Discovered syphilis as a cause of mental illness

A

Schauddin

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40
Q

Described the four As of schizophrenia

A

Bleuler

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41
Q

Year in which the four As of schizophrenia were described

A

1911

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42
Q

Main discrepancy found in the US-UK diagnostic project in 1972

A

Threshold for diagnosis of schizophrenia was much lower in the US

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43
Q

First effective somatic therapy for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

A

Insulin coma therapy

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44
Q

Developed the first effective treatment for general paresis of the insane (neurosyphilis) and received a Nobel prize in 1927

A

Wagner-Juaregg

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45
Q

Likely oldest treatment for mental illness

A

Trephination

46
Q

Practice of making a hole in the skull of a living person, possibly to allow the exit of disease causing spirits

A

Trephination

47
Q

Year in which ICD 10 was published

A

1992

48
Q

Year in which the first ICD was published

A

1855

49
Q

Edition of ICD which included diseases as well as causes of death

A

6th

50
Q

Year in which DSM IV was published

A

1994

51
Q

Year in which DSM V was published

A

2013

52
Q

Year in which the first DSM was published

A

1952

53
Q

Year in which ICD 6 was published

A

1948

54
Q

Coined the term therapeutic community

A

Tom Main

55
Q

Main problem with early ECT

A

Spinal and limb fractures

56
Q

Four humours of classical Greek medicine

A

Black bile
Yellow bile
Blood
Phlegm

57
Q

Described dreaming as a way of the brain deleting useless information

A

Crick and Mitchison

58
Q

Coined the term organ inferiority

A

Adler

59
Q

Described object constancy

A

Mahler

60
Q

Developed the rest cure for neurasthaenia and hysteria

A

Silas Weir Mitchell

61
Q

Developed the idea of degeneration as a cause of mental illness

A

Morel

62
Q

Founded the York retreat based on ‘moral therapy’

A

William Tuke

63
Q

Religion ‘moral therapy’ stemmed from

A

Quakerism

64
Q

Described the ‘stigmata’ of hysteria

A

Jean-Marie Charcot

65
Q

Country which was the origin of a strong tradition of neuropsychiatry in the 19th century

A

Germany

66
Q

Century during which psychiatry emerged as a medical specialty

A

18th

67
Q

Developed the idea of the ‘false self’

A

Winnicott

68
Q

Developed the idea of groupthink

A

Irving Janis

69
Q

Developed the idea of attribution theory

A

Bernard Weiner

70
Q

Developed the idea of type A and B personality

A

Friedman and Rosenman

71
Q

Described Stockholm syndrome

A

Nils Bejerot

72
Q

Situation Stockholm syndrome first described

A

Siege at a Stockholm bank

73
Q

Distinguished true delusions from ‘secondary delusions’ - delusion like ideas

A

Karl Jaspers

74
Q

Won the Nobel prize for medicine in 1949 for their work on frontal leukotomy

A

Moniz

75
Q

Pioneered LSD therapy in the 1940s

A

Albert Hofmann

76
Q

Set up the first therapeutic community in Essex in 1939

A

Joshua Bierer

77
Q

Coined the term dementia praecox

A

Kraepelin

78
Q

Coined the term manic depression

A

Kraepelin

79
Q

Coined the term demence precoce

A

Morel

80
Q

Coined the term schizophrenia

A

Bleuler

81
Q

Coined the term hebephrenia

A

Hecker

82
Q

Coined the term catatonia

A

Kahlblaum

83
Q

Coined the term schizoaffective

A

Kasanin

84
Q

Coined the term neurasthenia

A

Beard

85
Q

Coined the term unipolar and bipolar

A

Kleist

86
Q

Coined the term hypnosis

A

Braid

87
Q

Coined the term group dynamics

A

Lewin

88
Q

Coined the term group psychotherapy

A

Moreno

89
Q

Coined the term psychopathic inferiority

A

Koch

90
Q

Coined the term psychiatry

A

Reil

91
Q

Coined the term institutional neurosis

A

Barton

92
Q

Coined the term bulimia nervosa

A

Russell

93
Q

Coined the term unitary psychosis

A

Greisinger

94
Q

Coined the two syndrome hypothesis of schizophrenia into type 1 and type 2

A

Crow

95
Q

Coined the three syndrome model of schizophrenia

A

Liddle

96
Q

Coined the term interpersonal psychotherapy

A

Klerrman and Weissmann

97
Q

Coined the term autism as a characteristic feature of schizophrenia

A

Bleuler

98
Q

First attempted to describe what is now ASD as a distinct entity

A

Grunya Sukhareva

99
Q

First widely published (in English) the use of the word autism as a distinct condition

A

Kanner

100
Q

Proposed the triad of impairments in autism of social interaction, communication and imaginative difficulties

A

Wing

101
Q

Coined the term anhedonia

A

Ribot

102
Q

Introduced the terms extraversion and intraversion

A

Jung

103
Q

Distinguished between basic and accessory symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Bleuler

104
Q

Introduced szhizophreniform psychosis to describe patients with schizophrenia who did not follow a progressively deteriorating course but had acute onset (in hindsight most felt to have psychotic affective disorders)

A

Langfeldt

105
Q

Developed the first rank symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Schneider

106
Q

Used the term demencé to characterise the deterioration in mental abilities of chronically ill, hospitalised patients

A

Pinel

107
Q

Coined the term schizophrenogenic mother

A

Fromm-Reichmann

108
Q

Coined the term neuroleptic

A

Delay

109
Q

Coined the term psychodrama

A

Moreno

110
Q

Founder of the school of individual psychology

A

Adler

111
Q

Founder of the school of behaviourism

A

John Watson

112
Q

Associated with classifying personality according to body build

A

Kretschmer

Psychology (36 decks)

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