Basic principles of perception Flashcards
Famous illusion caused by reversal of figure-ground perception
Rubin’s vase
Gestalt laws of perceptual organisation
Proximity Closure Continuity Similarity Common fate
Gestalt law where objects close together are perceived as one group
Proximity
Gestalt law where an incompletely closed figure is perceived as completely closed
Closure
Gestalt law where points that can be connected are seen as being connected in the way that follows the smoothest path
Continuity
Gestalt law where similar objects e.g. same colour or shape are seen as a group
Similarity
Gestalt law where objects moving the same direction are perceived as a group
Common fate
Central gestalt law that says every pattern is perceived in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible
Symmetry and order, or prägnanz
Founder of structuralism on whose work gestalt psychology was based
Wilhelm Wundt
Important gestalt psychologists
Max Wertheimer
Kurt Koffka
Wolfgang Köhler
Edgar Rubin
Non-pictoral clues that help with depth perception
Retinal image disparity
Accommodation (the amount the shape of your lens has to change to view the object)
Convergence
Pictoral clues that help with depth perception
Size
Brightness
Texture
Motion parallax (closer items look to be moving faster)
Linear perspective (railings close up appear far apart and far away appear close together)
Age at which children appear to be able to perceive depth
Six months
The ability to perceive objects as the same despite varied inputs
Perceptual constancy
The phenomenon that if a light is shown in a dark room for an extended length of time, and if the light source is small and dim, the light will appear to be moving
Autokinesis
The phenomenon that occurs where a succession of still images shown quickly one after the other appear to be moving
Phi phenomenon
The readiness to perceive certain features as an object, can be related to emotional state, beliefs and context
Perceptual set
Definition of a situation where any physical object is perceived as different to how it really is e.g. two identical grey squares appearing different colours due to their backgrounds
Illusion
Experience in which an object (including sound, object etc.) is perceived in the absence of any corresponding object in the real world
Hallucination
Least developed sense at birth
Sight
