Ethical principles Flashcards
Author of the first book on medical ethics
Ishaq bin Ali Rahawi
Proposed the earliest code of ethics which could be considered relevant for modern medicine
Charaka
Four ethical principles of a doctor as proposed by Charaka
Friendship
Sympathy towards the sick
Interest in cases according to one’s capabilities
No attachment to the patient after his recovery
Ethical principle that argues for the greatest good for the greatest number, holds the idea that the predicted outcomes of an action are the morally most important aspects of that action
Utilitarianism/Teleology
Philosophers whose work founded utilitarianism
Bentham and Mill
The idea by Bentham that it is possible to classify how good an action is by measuring how much pleasure or pain it will bring
Felicific calculus
Ethical principle that suggests general rules can be created based on what in general has the most positive results e.g. in general lying has less positive results than telling the truth, so a rule is created stating ‘do not lie’
Rule utilitarianism
Ethical principle that is founded on moral duties or rules rather than consequences of actions
Deontology
Philosopher associated with deontology
Immanuel Kant
Ethical philosopher who developed the idea of a ‘prima facie duty’ - duties that are right because of their very nature
Ross
Philosophers who developed the four prima facie principles of medicine
Beauchamp and Childress
Four prima facie principles of medicine
Autonomy
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Justice
Four models of patient-doctor interaction
Paternalistic
Informative
Interpretive
Deliberative
Model of patient-doctor interaction where it is assumed the doctor knows best and patients are told what to do. Traditional model of medicine, now most often used in emergency situations
Paternalistic
Model of patient-doctor interaction where the doctor gives out information but any decision is left entirely up to the patient
Informative
