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Group dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Process where social influence pushes someone to act in a certain way despite their being no explicit requirement to act in this way

A

Conformity

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2
Q

Characteristics increasing conformity

A

Female sex, low intelligence, poor leadership abilities, Inferiority feelings

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3
Q

Process where an individual is explicitly asked to carry out a task by a person in a position of authority

A

Obedience

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4
Q

Experiment looking at obedience towards authority figures specifically designed to investigate the psychology behind genocidal acts performed by Nazis

A

Milgram experiment

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5
Q

State of mind described by Milgram where a person allows others to direct their behaviour, and passes on responsibility for the consequences of those behaviours onto that other person

A

Agentic state

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6
Q

Process where a group can together make a more risky decision than an individual can

A

Risky shift

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7
Q

Tendency for a group to take a more extreme view than the initial inclinations of its members

A

Group polarisation

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8
Q

Psychological process within a group where the desire for conformity leads to irrational or dysfunctional decision making

A

Groupthink

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9
Q

Power based on the perceived ability to give positive consequences

A

Reward power

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10
Q

Power based on the perceived ability to punish

A

Coercive power

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11
Q

Power based on having particular skills or knowledge

A

Expert power

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12
Q

Power based on having charisma and connections

A

Referent power

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13
Q

Power held by an individual due to their position within an organisation

A

Legitimate power

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14
Q

Described the ‘bases of social power’ - includes reward power, legitimate power etc.

A

French and Raven

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15
Q

Leadership style where the leader makes decisions without consultation from others

A

Autocratic

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16
Q

Leadership style where decisions are ultimately made by the leader but only after facilitating group discussion

A

Democratic

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17
Q

Leadership style where the leader’s involvement in decision making is minimal and individuals make their own decision

A

Laissez-faire

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18
Q

Possible behavioural components of prejudice in increasing severity

A

Anti-locution (making negative remarks about but not to the person), avoidance, discrimination, physical attack and extermination

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19
Q

Theory of prejudice suggesting people develop prejudice as a result of their rigid thinking that occurs as a result of a harsh childhood upbringing, characterised by extreme obedience and respect for authority figures. Controversially used to explain Nazi fascism.

A

Authoritarian personality theory of prejudice (Adorno)

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20
Q

Theory of prejudice relating to Dollard’s frustration-aggression model - when the source of a frustration is too powerful aggression may be displaced towards a soft target

A

Scapegoating theory

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21
Q

Supplemental to scapegoating theory of prejudice, suggests that where there are acute times of low resources unrest follows and scapegoating is more likely

A

Relative deprivation theory

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22
Q

Theory of prejudice suggesting that even the suggestion of competition can trigger prejudices

A

Realistic conflict theory

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23
Q

Experiment where two groups were formed in a summer camp. Even when the groups were allowed to interact freely they displayed strong in-group preferences.

A

Sherif’s Robbers cave experiment

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24
Q

Experiment showing prejudice can be reduced when the person displaying prejudice has themselves experiences such prejudice in the past

A

Elliott’s blue eyes and brown eyes experiment

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25
Q

Effect where people are less likely to intervene to help someone in need if others are also standing nearby

A

Bystander effect/Genovese effect

26
Q

Factors that mean bystanders are less likely to help

A

If the bystander is female
If there are many other bystanders present
If the other bystanders are strangers
If the perpetrators are present
If the situation is perceived as dangerous

27
Q

Effect where the larger the group is, the lower effort each individual puts in

A

Social loafing/Ringelmann’s effect

28
Q

The loss of self awareness within a group, often used to explain e.g. violent acts of a group of football hooligans

A

Deindividuation

29
Q

Developed the concept of the ‘working group’ which works well together, and the ‘basic assumption group’ which acts out primitive fantasies and prevents work being done

A

Bion

30
Q

Type of basic assumption group where the group turns towards a leader to protect them from anxiety

A

Dependency

31
Q

Type of basic assumption group where the group acts as if there is an enemy, either within or outwith the group, who must be attacked or avoided

A

Fight-flight

32
Q

Type of basic assumption group where the group acts as if the answer lies in the pairing - either friendly or hostile - of two members

A

Pairing

33
Q

Group ideology which prioritises the rights of groups over the rights of an individual

A

Collectivism

34
Q

Group ideology which prioritises rights of an individual over the group

A

Individualism

35
Q

Leadership style where the leader allows team members to voice their opinions and supports them in making changes they believe in

A

Participative

36
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where one member helps another

A

Altruism

37
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where ideas/thoughts/emotions can be expressed in a way that produces relief

A

Catharsis

38
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where there is a sense that the group is working together towards a common goal

A

Cohesion

39
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where the group replicates a family to work through prior conflicts of its members

A

Corrective recapitulation

40
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where members gain feedback from others and give out feedback

A

Interpersonal learning

41
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where members acquire new knowledge

A

Imparting information

42
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where members consciously model their behaviour on another member

A

Imitation

43
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where members accept responsibility for decisions

A

Existential factors

44
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where a sense of hope is imparted into the group

A

Instillation of hope

45
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where there is free exchange of ideas and feelings between members

A

Socialisation

46
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where there is an awareness among members that they are not the only ones to experience a particular issue

A

Universality

47
Q

Described four principles of a therapeutic community

A

Rapoport

48
Q

Four principles of a therapeutic community as described by Rapoport

A

Permissiveness
Democracy
Reality confrontation
Communalism

49
Q

Updated Rapoport’s principles of a therapeutic community

A

Haigh

50
Q

Haigh’s updated principles of a therapeutic community and Rapoport’s principle they correspond to

A

Containment - permissiveness
Communication - communalism
Involvement - reality confrontation
Agency - democracy

51
Q

Aspect of a therapeutic community described by Rapoport characterised by support, rules and boundaries allowing individuals to feel safe

A

Permissiveness

52
Q

Aspect of a therapeutic community described by Rapoport characterised by decision making within the community giving individuals a sense of empowerment and belief they can be useful in the wider world

A

Democracy

53
Q

Aspect of a therapeutic community described by Rapoport characterised by learning from others and finding a place within the group

A

Reality confrontation

54
Q

Aspect of a therapeutic community described by Rapoport characterised by shared responsibility and shared group ethos

A

Communalism

55
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where the group can self-evolve and work through conflicts

A

Coherence

56
Q

In group therapy, the quality of the relationship between each member of a group and the therapist

A

Group allience

57
Q

Therapeutic factor in group therapy where a person unconsciously incorparates attributes and qualities of the group into themselves

A

Positive identification

58
Q

Phenomenon where high expectations lead in improved performance

A

Pygmalion effect/Rosenthal effect

59
Q

Factors according to Asch which make group conformity more likely

A

Larger group size
Challenging task
Public interactions
Perception that some members are more senior than others

60
Q

Factors according to Asch which make group conformity more likely

A

Larger group size
Challenging task
Public interactions
Perception that some members are more senior than others

Psychology (36 decks)

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