Health and illness behaviour

Question 1

Characteristics of the sick role

Answer 1

Sick person is exempt from carrying out normal responsibilities
Sick person is not directly responsible for their disease
The sick person will only be in the sick role temporarily and will try to get well
The sick person will seek competent help from medical professionals and co-operate with care in order to get well

Question 2

Developed the concept of the sick role

Answer 2

Talcott Parsons

Question 3

Interference with structural or physiological function e.g. loss of use of an arm due to a fracture

Answer 3

Impairment

Question 4

Interference with activities of living due to an impairment e.g. not being able to cook dinner due to an arm fracture

Answer 4

Disability

Question 5

The social disadvantage resulting from disability e.g. loss of work as a chef due to an arm fracture

Answer 5

Handicap

Question 6

The model which suggests patients’ own beliefs about their illnesses may be more influential than medical information

Answer 6

Health beliefs model

Question 7

Factors within the health beliefs model

Answer 7

Beliefs about the severity of the condition
Beliefs about the susceptibility of acquiring the disease or complications of the disease
Beliefs about the benefits and costs (not just financial) of treatment adherence
Beliefs about the external triggers that may lead to health promoting behaviours e.g. a mass media campaign about cervical screening

Question 8

Developed the transtheoretical model

Answer 8

Prochaska and DiClemente

Question 9

Six stages of change in the transtheoretical model

Answer 9

Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse

Question 10

Developed the concept of illness behaviour

Answer 10

Mechanic

Question 11

Type of prevention that aims to prevent injury before it starts

Answer 11

Primary prevention

Question 12

Type of prevention that aims to reduce the impact of a disease or process which has started

Answer 12

Secondary prevention

Question 13

Type of prevention that aims to soften the impact of an ongoing chronic illness

Answer 13

Tertiary prevention

Question 14

Examples of primary prevention

Answer 14

Public health measures e.g. using seatbelts and helmets
Immunisation
Smoking cessation
Lowering use of harmful products

Question 15

Examples of secondary prevention

Answer 15

Screening programmes

Medication, diet and exercise programmes to prevent further heart attacks/strokes after a first event

Question 16

Examples of tertiary prevention

Answer 16

Rehabilitation programmes aiming to maximise function while living with a chronic illness
DAFNE and other diabetes education programmes
Support groups

Question 17

Type of prevention which targets individuals who have minimal but detectable signs of mental disorder but who do not meet criteria for mental disorder at that time

Answer 17

Indicated prevention

Question 18

Type of prevention which is aimed a the general public or a whole population group who have not specifically been identified as high risk

Answer 18

Universal prevention

Question 19

Type of prevention which targets individuals whose risk of developing a disorder is higher than average due to biological, psychological or social risk factors

Answer 19

Selective prevention

Question 20

Overall adherence to prescribed medication

Answer 20

50%

Question 21

Four constructs of the health belief model

Answer 21

Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severity
Perceived benefits
Perceived barriers

Question 22

Four types of errors in drug adherence

Answer 22

Errors of omission
Errors of purpose
Errors of dosage
Errors of timing and sequence

Question 23

Type of error in drug adherence where the medication is not taken

Answer 23

Errors of omission

Question 24

Type of error in drug adherence where the medication is taken for the wrong reason

Answer 24

Errors of purpose

Question 25

Type of error in drug adherence where the wrong dose of a medication is taken

Answer 25

Errors of dosage

Question 26

Type of error in drug adherence where the medication is taken at the wrong time

Answer 26

Errors of timing and sequence