Health and illness behaviour Flashcards
Characteristics of the sick role
Sick person is exempt from carrying out normal responsibilities
Sick person is not directly responsible for their disease
The sick person will only be in the sick role temporarily and will try to get well
The sick person will seek competent help from medical professionals and co-operate with care in order to get well
Developed the concept of the sick role
Talcott Parsons
Interference with structural or physiological function e.g. loss of use of an arm due to a fracture
Impairment
Interference with activities of living due to an impairment e.g. not being able to cook dinner due to an arm fracture
Disability
The social disadvantage resulting from disability e.g. loss of work as a chef due to an arm fracture
Handicap
The model which suggests patients’ own beliefs about their illnesses may be more influential than medical information
Health beliefs model
Factors within the health beliefs model
Beliefs about the severity of the condition
Beliefs about the susceptibility of acquiring the disease or complications of the disease
Beliefs about the benefits and costs (not just financial) of treatment adherence
Beliefs about the external triggers that may lead to health promoting behaviours e.g. a mass media campaign about cervical screening
Developed the transtheoretical model
Prochaska and DiClemente
Six stages of change in the transtheoretical model
Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Relapse
Developed the concept of illness behaviour
Mechanic
Type of prevention that aims to prevent injury before it starts
Primary prevention
Type of prevention that aims to reduce the impact of a disease or process which has started
Secondary prevention
Type of prevention that aims to soften the impact of an ongoing chronic illness
Tertiary prevention
Examples of primary prevention
Public health measures e.g. using seatbelts and helmets
Immunisation
Smoking cessation
Lowering use of harmful products
Examples of secondary prevention
Screening programmes
Medication, diet and exercise programmes to prevent further heart attacks/strokes after a first event
Examples of tertiary prevention
Rehabilitation programmes aiming to maximise function while living with a chronic illness
DAFNE and other diabetes education programmes
Support groups
Type of prevention which targets individuals who have minimal but detectable signs of mental disorder but who do not meet criteria for mental disorder at that time
Indicated prevention
Type of prevention which is aimed a the general public or a whole population group who have not specifically been identified as high risk
Universal prevention
Type of prevention which targets individuals whose risk of developing a disorder is higher than average due to biological, psychological or social risk factors
Selective prevention
Overall adherence to prescribed medication
50%
Four constructs of the health belief model
Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severity
Perceived benefits
Perceived barriers
Four types of errors in drug adherence
Errors of omission
Errors of purpose
Errors of dosage
Errors of timing and sequence
Type of error in drug adherence where the medication is not taken
Errors of omission
Type of error in drug adherence where the medication is taken for the wrong reason
Errors of purpose
Type of error in drug adherence where the wrong dose of a medication is taken
Errors of dosage
Type of error in drug adherence where the medication is taken at the wrong time
Errors of timing and sequence
