Personality

Question 1

Developed the trait theory of personality

Answer 1

Allport

Question 2

Three types of traits within the trait theory of personality

Answer 2

Cardinal traits
Central traits
Secondary traits

Question 3

Type of personality trait which is so pervasive that most of a person’s actions or behaviour can be traced back to this - not everyone has one of these.

Answer 3

Cardinal trait

Question 4

Type of personality trait which are found as a group of 5-10 traits which can be easily identified in someone

Answer 4

Central trait

Question 5

Type of personality trait which are least important and only evident in certain circumstances or to certain people

Answer 5

Secondary trait

Question 6

Psychologist who developed the 16 personality factor questionnaire by reducing Allport’s traits down to 171 elements and then grouping these into 16 dimensions

Answer 6

Cattell

Question 7

Three traits in Eysenck’s approach to personality testing

Answer 7

Neuroticism
Psychoticism
Extraversion

Question 8

The four dimensions of temperament described by Cloninger which were said to be highly heritable and manifested early in life

Answer 8

Novelty seeking
Harm avoidance
Reward dependence
Persistance

Question 9

The three character dimensions described by Cloninger which were said to be shaped by the environment in which someone grew up

Answer 9

Self-directedness
Co-operativeness
Self-transcendence

Question 10

Developed the locus of control theory of personality

Answer 10

Rotter

Question 11

Locus of control in Rotter’s personality theory where people perceive themselves as having a high degree of control over their behaviour

Answer 11

Internal locus

Question 12

Locus of control in Rotter’s personality theory where people feel their behaviours occur as a result of luck or environmental factors

Answer 12

External locus

Question 13

Big Five personality traits as suggested by McCrae and Costa

Answer 13

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 14

Big Five personality traits that increase with age

Answer 14

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Question 15

Big Five personality traits that decrease with age

Answer 15

Openness
Neuroticism
Extraversion

Question 16

Personality tests designed to access unconscious areas of a person’s mind

Answer 16

Projective

Question 17

Examples of projective personality tests

Answer 17

Rorschach inkblot
Thematic apperception test
Draw-a-person test
Sentence completion test

Question 18

Personality tests which have a clear structure and often multiple choice answers

Answer 18

Objective

Question 19

Examples of objective personality tests

Answer 19

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Sixteen Factor Personality Questionnaire
NEO Personality Inventory
Esyenck Personality Test

Question 20

The idea that physical body shape can correlate with personality traits

Answer 20

Typology

Question 21

Introduced Type A and Type B personalities

Answer 21

Freidman and Rosenman

Question 22

Features of Type A personality

Answer 22

Competitive
Aggressive
Impatient
Difficulty relaxing
High achieving

Question 23

Features of Type B Personality

Answer 23

Easy-going
Creative
Evade stress
Cope poorly when placed under stress

Question 24

Projective personality test where a subject is shown a variety of picture cards and has to make a story out of each picture

Answer 24

Thematic Apperception Test

Question 25

Alternative name for extraversion in the big five personality traits

Answer 25

Surgency

Question 26

Alternative name for neuroticism in the big five personality traits

Answer 26

Emotional stability

Question 27

Projective personality test where two parallel forms of inkblot cards are used

Answer 27

Holtzman inkblot technique

Question 28

Personality studies of whole populations - giving personality ‘types’ e.g. Eysenck’s type theory

Answer 28

Nomothetic approach

Question 29

Personality studies of individuals

Answer 29

Idiographic approach