Publications relating to ethics in medicine

Question 1

Code of ethics following the Nuremburg trials which advocated for voluntary participation and informed consent in medical experimentation

Answer 1

Nuremburg code

Question 2

Principle features of the Nuremburg code

Answer 2

Voluntary consent is given
Research is intended for the good of society
Avoidance of unnecessary pain is guaranteed
Subjects are able to withdraw at any point
Qualified researchers are undertaking the study
The study is terminated if more harm than good is caused

Question 3

Introduced as a result of crimes committed in Nazi Germany, a code of ethics aimed as a revision of the Hippocratic Oath

Answer 3

Declaration of Geneva

Question 4

Statement of ethical principles for medical research involving humans

Answer 4

Declaration of Helsinki

Question 5

Ethical code that states doctors should refuse to participate in the torture of prisoners

Answer 5

Declaration of Tokyo

Question 6

Ethical code that revolves around the treatment of patients who are on hunger strike

Answer 6

Declaration of Malta

Question 7

International statement on the rights of patients

Answer 7

Declaration of Lisbon

Question 8

Declaration that sets out the principles necessary for optimal child health

Answer 8

Declaration of Ottowa

Question 9

Situation where a doctor withholds information from a competent patient in the belief that the information would distress the patient - discouraged by medical indemnity organisations

Answer 9

Therapeutic privilege

Question 10

Act which can allow the police access to confidential medical records in certain circumstances

Answer 10

Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984

Question 11

Does confidentiality persist after a patient’s death

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

GMC position on sexual relationships with current patients

Answer 12

Absolute ban

Question 13

GMC position on sexual relationships with prior patients

Answer 13

Discouraged but not an absolute ban

A doctor must not end a professional relationship with a patient in order to pursue a personal relationship with them

Question 14

GMC position on unsolicited gifts

Answer 14

Allowed, but must not affect or appear to affect that patient’s treatment

Question 15

Case in the Supreme Court of California which led to the mandated ‘duty to warn’ a potential victim in multiple US states

Answer 15

Tarasoff Case

Question 16

Statement of the ethics and principles of the nursing profession

Answer 16

Nightingale pledge

Question 17

Year and edition of current declaration of Helsinki

Answer 17

Seventh revision, 2013

Question 18

Year of the first edition of the Declaration of Helsinki

Answer 18

1964

Question 19

Considered the cornerstone document of human research ethics

Answer 19

Declaration of Helsinki