Skin

Question 1

Primary skin lesions

Answer 1

most characteristic, representative or native appearance of skin lesions

Question 2

Secondary skin lesions

Answer 2

reflect effects of exogenous factors or temporal changes

Question 3

macule
patch

Answer 3

flat, circumscribed
macule < 1 cm
patch > 1 cm

Question 4

elevated, circumscribed

Answer 4

papule < 1 cm
plaque > 1cm

Question 5

wheal

Answer 5

superficial, skin coloured or pale skin swelling surrounded by erythema (raised)

Question 6

telangiectasia

Answer 6

dlated or broken blood vessels on the surface of the skin or mucous membranes

Question 7

lichenification

Answer 7

thickening of epidermis
accentuation of natural skin lines

Question 8

echymosis

Answer 8

subcu spot of bleeding
extravasation of blood
(bruise)

Question 9

treatment for atopic dermatitis

Answer 9

topical steroids- 1st line
topical anti-inflammatories
systemic immunomodulators: e.g. dupilumab
control infection
oral antihistamines

Question 10

allergic contact dermatitis is a ___ hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 10

Type 4 or delayed

Question 11

seborrheic dermatitis treatment

Answer 11

combination of anti-fungals and topical anti-inflammatories

Question 12

stasis dermatitis

Answer 12

associated with venous insufficiency
gravitational dermatitis
more common in older patients

Question 13

periorifical dermatitis

Answer 13

typically not itchy
inflammatory papules, clustered around mouth, periocular and perinasal areas
idiosyncratice response to exogenous factors

Question 14

topical steroids side effects

Answer 14

local reactions:
thinning of the skin
stretch marks
purpura
telangiectasia
hypertrichosis
possible systemic toxicity

Question 15

furuncle

Answer 15

boils
infection of the hair follicle that goes into the deeper skin layers
spreads to the dermis

Question 16

carbuncles

Answer 16

collection of infected hair follicles
erythematous, swollen, painful
can drian through different openings
can present with systmic symptoms

Question 17

impetigo

Answer 17

superficial skin infection
crusitng or bullae
strep and staph most common causes
common in children
transmittion by direct and indirect contact

Question 18

bullous impetigo

Answer 18

cased by S. aureus
toxin mediated
exfoliative toxin targets desmosomes and leads to blisteres

Question 19

lyme disease (3 stages)

Answer 19

localized infection
disseminated infection
late persistent infection

Question 20

lyme disease treatement

Answer 20

prophylaxis with exposure
adult 1st line: doxycycline; 2nd line: amoxicillin, cefuroxime
children: 1st line amoxicillin, 2nd line: cefuroxime, doxycycline
duration: 14-21 days
if acute neurological disease, consider IV therapy for 14-28 days

Question 21

Herpes Zoster Treatment

Answer 21

Antiviral drugs start 72 hours up to 1 week
1st line: famciclovir or valacyclovir
2nd line: acyclovir
immunocompromised patients need IV acyclovir

Question 22

molluscum contagiosum

Answer 22

poxvirus
common in children
skin to skin contact, towels, auto-inoculation and sexual transmission
more likely in wet conditions

Question 23

Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD)

Answer 23

enteroviruses
common in children
warm weather

Question 24

complication so HFMD

Answer 24

meningitis

Question 25

5 mechanisms of acne vulgaris

Answer 25

1. excess keratin plugging of the sebaceous follicles
2. bacterial colonization
3. sebum overproduction and increased androgenic production
4. inflammation due to the distention of the hair follicle
5. genetics

Question 26

psoriasis

Answer 26

non-contagious chronic autoimmune T cell mediated inflammatory disease

Question 27

psoriasis treatemtn

Answer 27

corticosteroids, vit D1 analogues, calcineurin inhibitors
narrow badn UV -B light exposure

Question 28

MRSA cellulitis treatment

Answer 28

TMP/SMX or doxycycline

Question 29

1st line for GAS cellulitis

Answer 29

penicillin or amoxicillin

Question 30

facial or severe cellulitis 1st line

Answer 30

cefazolin IV

Question 31

pediculosis

Answer 31

lice

Question 32

scabies caused by

Answer 32

itch mite

Question 33

erosion

Answer 33

superficial, partial loss of the epidermis

Question 34

Ulceration

Answer 34

Ulceration has variable thickness loss

Question 35

dermatitis area in infants vs adults

Answer 35

In infants: facial involvement if very common as well as extensor surfaces of extremities
Later in life: more flexural involvement