Skin Flashcards
Primary skin lesions
most characteristic, representative or native appearance of skin lesions
Secondary skin lesions
reflect effects of exogenous factors or temporal changes
macule
patch
flat, circumscribed
macule < 1 cm
patch > 1 cm
elevated, circumscribed
papule < 1 cm
plaque > 1cm
wheal
superficial, skin coloured or pale skin swelling surrounded by erythema (raised)
telangiectasia
dlated or broken blood vessels on the surface of the skin or mucous membranes
lichenification
thickening of epidermis
accentuation of natural skin lines
echymosis
subcu spot of bleeding
extravasation of blood
(bruise)
treatment for atopic dermatitis
topical steroids- 1st line
topical anti-inflammatories
systemic immunomodulators: e.g. dupilumab
control infection
oral antihistamines
allergic contact dermatitis is a ___ hypersensitivity reaction
Type 4 or delayed
seborrheic dermatitis treatment
combination of anti-fungals and topical anti-inflammatories
stasis dermatitis
associated with venous insufficiency
gravitational dermatitis
more common in older patients
periorifical dermatitis
typically not itchy
inflammatory papules, clustered around mouth, periocular and perinasal areas
idiosyncratice response to exogenous factors
topical steroids side effects
local reactions:
thinning of the skin
stretch marks
purpura
telangiectasia
hypertrichosis
possible systemic toxicity
furuncle
boils
infection of the hair follicle that goes into the deeper skin layers
spreads to the dermis
carbuncles
collection of infected hair follicles
erythematous, swollen, painful
can drian through different openings
can present with systmic symptoms
impetigo
superficial skin infection
crusitng or bullae
strep and staph most common causes
common in children
transmittion by direct and indirect contact
bullous impetigo
cased by S. aureus
toxin mediated
exfoliative toxin targets desmosomes and leads to blisteres
lyme disease (3 stages)
localized infection
disseminated infection
late persistent infection
lyme disease treatement
prophylaxis with exposure
adult 1st line: doxycycline; 2nd line: amoxicillin, cefuroxime
children: 1st line amoxicillin, 2nd line: cefuroxime, doxycycline
duration: 14-21 days
if acute neurological disease, consider IV therapy for 14-28 days
Herpes Zoster Treatment
Antiviral drugs start 72 hours up to 1 week
1st line: famciclovir or valacyclovir
2nd line: acyclovir
immunocompromised patients need IV acyclovir
molluscum contagiosum
poxvirus
common in children
skin to skin contact, towels, auto-inoculation and sexual transmission
more likely in wet conditions
Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD)
enteroviruses
common in children
warm weather
complication so HFMD
meningitis
5 mechanisms of acne vulgaris
- excess keratin plugging of the sebaceous follicles
- bacterial colonization
- sebum overproduction and increased androgenic production
- inflammation due to the distention of the hair follicle
- genetics
psoriasis
non-contagious chronic autoimmune T cell mediated inflammatory disease
psoriasis treatemtn
corticosteroids, vit D1 analogues, calcineurin inhibitors
narrow badn UV -B light exposure
MRSA cellulitis treatment
TMP/SMX or doxycycline
1st line for GAS cellulitis
penicillin or amoxicillin
facial or severe cellulitis 1st line
cefazolin IV
pediculosis
lice
scabies caused by
itch mite
erosion
superficial, partial loss of the epidermis
Ulceration
Ulceration has variable thickness loss
dermatitis area in infants vs adults
In infants: facial involvement if very common as well as extensor surfaces of extremities
Later in life: more flexural involvement
