fungal infection

Question 1

3 main classifications of fungi

Answer 1

moulds: hyphae, aerobic
yeasts: sphere, anerobic
dimorphic fungi

Question 2

_____ synthesized by the fungi cell membrane, providing structural support and permeability

Answer 2

Ergosterol

Question 3

fungi has ___ (which structure)_____ resistant to bacterial cell wall inhibitor agents due to _______

Answer 3

Cell wall is composed of rigid, multilayered polysaccharides (resistant to bacterial cell wall inhibitor agents such as penicillins + cephalosporins due to lack of peptidoglycans)

Question 4

candida

Answer 4

yeast
skin and mucous membrane

Question 5

dermatophytes

Answer 5

mould
skin/hair/nail

Question 6

dermatophytes require __ for growth

Answer 6

keratine

Question 7

what are the three main groups of antifungal medicaiton

Answer 7

polyenes
alllylamines
azoles

Question 8

MOA of polyenes

Answer 8

polyenes work by binding to ergosterol and fungal cell membranes, creating pores that cause cell leakage and death.

Question 9

MOA of allylamines

Answer 9

Allylamines inhibit the enzyme squalene epoxidase, disrupting ergosterol synthesis, which is essential for fungal cell membrane integrity

Question 10

MOA of azoles

Answer 10

Azoles also target ergosterol synthesis but inhibit a different enzyme, lanosterol 14A dimethylase, preventing the formation of ergosterol and leading to cell membrane instability.

Question 11

nystatin is a

Answer 11

polyenes

Question 12

how is polyenes excreted

Answer 12

unchanged in feces

Question 13

nystatin _____ killing

Answer 13

Time-dependent killing

Question 14

Preferred agent for infant oral candidiasis

Answer 14

nystatin

Question 15

allylamines example

Answer 15

terbinafine

Question 16

terbinafine is commonly used to treat

Answer 16

tinea infection
less effective for yeasr

Question 17

adverse effect of terbinafine

Answer 17

hepatotoxicity,

Question 18

monitor ___ for terbinafine

Answer 18

LFT

Question 19

terbinafine has ___ killing

Answer 19

Concentration-dependent killing

Question 20

special population oral terbinafine

Answer 20

not safe for infants and pregnant women

Question 21

azoles are fungalcidal or fungalstatic

Answer 21

fungalstatic

Question 22

adverse effects of azoles

Answer 22

hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation

Question 23

monitor azoles

Answer 23

LFT’s, renal function

Question 24

drug interactions of azoles

Answer 24

drugs metabolized via: CYP3A4 (i.e. PPI’s, carbamazepine) CYP2C9 (i.e. warfarin, NSAIDs)

Question 25

what type of fungal infection is tinea

Answer 25

dermatophyte

Question 26

what’s the treatment choice for infant oral candidiasis

Answer 26

nystatin

Question 27

what’s your first choice of treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis

Answer 27

topical or oral azole