MSK drugs Flashcards
what are the 3 key actions of NSAID
antiinflammatory
antipyretic
analgesic
what are some examples of non-selective NSAIDS
Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen
what are some examples of selective NSAIDS
celebrex
common side effects of opioid include:
Respiratory depression
Constipation, nausea/vomiting, urinary retention
Confusion, drowsiness
Risk of tolerance, dependence, misuse
glucocorticoids has ___ & ___ effects
Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects
glucocorticoids inhibit ___, ___, &__, hence has greater antiinflammatory effect than NSAIDs
prostaglandins, histamine and leukotrienes
what are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids?
adrenal insufficiency
prolonged use cause osteoporosis
mask underlying infection
increase blood glucose level
NA+ and water retention, hypokalemia
psychological effects: insomnia, delirium
myopathy
glaucoma
peptic ulcer disease
What are the adverse effects of bisphosphonate?
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Loose bowel movements
Small risk of esophageal ulcers if not taken properly
Osteonecrosis of jaw (rare)
Atypical femur fractures (in a patient c/o of new hip, thigh or groin pain need to rule out partial femur fracture)
What’s the main adverse effect of SERM?
risk of DVT/PE
what type of drug is denosumab?
bone metabolism regulator
to treat osteoprososis
human monoclonal antibody
MOA of denosumab
Anti-resorptive drug: prevents RANKL-RANK interaction & inhibits activation of osteoclasts
how’s denosumab administered?
injection by HCP twice a year
Increased calcium supplementation is associated with
kidney stones, vascular calcification, constipation/digestive issues
what’s the recommended daily calcium intake for
men 51-70
women >50
men > 70
1000mg/daily
1200mg/daily
1200mg/daily
what’s the recommended Vitamin D intake ?
Age 19-50 (includes pregnant or breast feeding): 400-1000 IU/day
Age > 50 or young adults @ high risk (i.e. osteoporosis, vit D malabsorption condition): 800-2000 IU/ day
4 types of bisphophonates
Aledronate (Fosamax)
Etidronate (Didrocal)
Risedronate (Actonel)
Zoledronic Acid (Aclasta) – given IV usually annually
all end with ____dronate
how should fosamax be taken to prevent erosion of esophagua
It is to be taken on an empty stomach with a full glass of water only & to sit up for 30-60 min after taking medication to prevent erosion of esophagus
what’s the dosage schedule for Fosamax
treating patient diagnosed with osteoporosis
treating patient for prevention of osteoporosis
To treat a patient with diagnosed osteoporosis you could prescribe: Fosamax 70mg PO Q week (to be taken on same day each week) or 10 mg PO OD
To treat a postmenopausal woman for prevention of osteoporosis you could prescribe: Fosamax 35 mg PO once weekly or 5 mg PO OD
What are the adverse effects of SERMs
Induces hot flashes, leg cramps, risk of DVT/PE
does SERMs increase the risk of breast or endometrial CA?
No
