HIV Drugs Flashcards
5 Therapeutic goals of HIV medication
- Maximal and long-lasting suppression of viral load
- Restoration and preservation of immune function
- Improved QOL
- Reduction of HIV related morbidity and mortality
- Prevention of HIV transmission
Postexposure Prophylaxi
○ At least 3 antiretroviral drugs, for 4 weeks post exposure
Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
- Tenofovir/emtricitabine (Truvada)
Monitoring Lab test for HIV drugs
- CD4 T cell counts and plasma HIV RNA (viral load) assays (every 3-6 months)
- Addition to these: HIV drug resistance
Chemokine Receptor 5 Antagonist
MOA
inhibit CCR5 coreceptor that some strains of HIV must bind to enter CD4 cells
Chemokine Receptor 5 Antagonist
side effects
liver injury, cough, dizziness, pyrexia, rash, abd pain
HIV Fusion Inhibitors
side effects and DI
Enfuvirtide (T-20)
○ Expensive,
○ Injection site reactions, pneumonia, hypersensitivity reactions
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (ISTIs)
MOA
- Terminating the integration of HIV into DNA
Protease Inhibitors
MOA
- Active against both HIV-1 and HIV 2, most effective
- MOA: prevent HIV maturation by blocking the HIV enzyme protease
Protease Inhibitors side effects
hyperglycemia, lipodystrophy, elevation of serum transaminases(liver injury), decreased cardiac conduction velocity
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) MOA
NNRTIs bind to the active center of reverse transcriptase enzyme
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) side effects
efavirenz and rilpivirine cause CNS effects
Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
MOA
all NRTIs are prodrugs that inhibit HIV replication by suppressing synthesis of viral DNA
Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) side effects
mitochondrial toxicity
Lactic acidosis
Hepatic steatosis
