Hematology

Question 1

blood component (50-55% of blood volume)-

Answer 1

plasma:
- plasma proteins- albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, clotting factors
- electrolytes
- water (90%)

Question 2

Types of cells in the blood

Answer 2

Erythrocyte (RBC)
Leukocytes (WBC)
Platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 3

6 Functions of blood

Answer 3

• respiratory gas exchange
• transport of nutrients and wastes
• thermoregulation
• hemostasis
• immunity
• regulate cell function, osmotic pressure &pH

Question 4

3 types of plasma proteins in blood

Answer 4

• albumin
• globulins
• fibrinogen

Question 5

Granulocytes

Answer 5

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

Question 6

Agranulocytes

Answer 6

lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 7

cytokines

Answer 7

a category of small proteins for cell signaling
inflammation, pain and sepsis

Question 8

Immature cells are called
Mature cells are called

Answer 8

Immature cells are called blasts
Mature cells are called “-cytes”

Question 9

Neutrophils

Answer 9

Important in acute response to infection and inflammation

Question 10

Basophil

Answer 10

Allergy and parasites

Question 11

Where do platelets originate

Answer 11

Platelets are derived from megakaryocytes

Question 12

3 systems invovled in hemostatsis

Answer 12

plasma factors
platelets
vasculature

Question 13

What’s hemostasis

Answer 13

arrest of bleeding

Question 14

4 major events of hemostasis

Answer 14

vasoconstriction and platelet plug formation
activation of coagulation factors and initiation of thrombin
fibrin clot formation and stabilization
prevention fo further coagulation and clot breakdown

Question 15

Thrombin converts ____ to ___ to form a stronger clot.

Answer 15

Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin to form a stronger clot.

Question 16

___ converts ___ to ____ which breaks down fibrin

Answer 16

T-PA converts plasminogen to plasmin which breaks down fibrin

Question 17

______ inhibits further thrombin

Answer 17

Antithrombin inhibits further thrombin

Question 18

Virchow’s Triad

Answer 18

endothelial damage
flow stasis
hypercoagulable state

Question 19

aPTT looks at __ pathway

Answer 19

intrinsic pathway

Question 20

prothrombin time looks at __pathway

Answer 20

extrinsic pathway

Question 21

extrinsic pathway depends on exposure to __ factor

Answer 21

TF tissue factor

Question 22

G-CSF: stimulates

Answer 22

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils (granulocytes= G)

Question 23

GM-CSF: stimulates

Answer 23

neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils (granulocytes and macrophages= GM)

Question 24

erthyropoietin stimulates

Answer 24

erythrocyte production

Question 25

hemic murmur

Answer 25

A systolic murmur, is sometimes noted in the setting of anemia because of increased blood flow over the heart valves.