Skin

Question 1

What is the superficial layer of the skin called?

Answer 1

Epidermis

Question 2

What is in below the epidermis?

Answer 2

Dermis

Question 3

What’s the Two major classes of skin?

Answer 3

1) hirsute- thin hairy skin (head(
2) glabrous- surface of palms

Question 4

5 layers of epidermis:

Answer 4

1- stratum basale
2- stratum spinosum
3- stratum granulosum
4- stratum lucidum
5- stratum corneum

Question 5

Features about stratum basale:

Answer 5

-deepest layer
-single layer of basal cells
-merkel cells
- melanocytes

Question 6

Function of merkel cells

Answer 6

Responsible for stimulating sensory nerves (touch)

Question 7

Melanocytes function

Answer 7

Produces melanin

Question 8

Features of stratum spinosum

Answer 8

• provides strength and flexibility to the skin
  -8 layers of keratinocytes formed due to cell division

Question 9

Function of keratinocytes

Answer 9

Beings synthesis of keratin and water repelling glycolipid

Question 10

Location and function of dendritic cells

Answer 10

Amongst keratinocytes
Functions as a macrophage

Question 11

Features of stratum granulosum

Answer 11

Represents transition between active strata and dead superficial strata

Question 12

Features of stratum lucidum

Answer 12

-smooth translucent layer
-keratinocytes dead and flattened

Question 13

What is the function of keratin

Answer 13

Produced by keratinocytes
Protect the skin and tissues from heat and microbes

Question 14

Features of stratum corneum

Answer 14

-most superficial epidermal layer
- provides a protective layer against light
- regular shedding of cells

Question 15

What produces keratinocytes

Answer 15

Division of stem cells

Question 16

What hormone helps in epidermal growth?

Answer 16

Epidermal growth factor

Question 17

Features of the dermis

Answer 17

• touch and elastic due to connective tissue and collages fibres interlaced
• dermal cells (fibroblasts and macrophages)
• dermal structures ( blood vessels, nerve ending, sweat glands)

Question 18

What is the meissners corpuscle

Answer 18

Light pressure skin receptor

Question 19

What is the pack Ian corpuscle

Answer 19

Deep pressure skin receptor

Question 20

Types of sweat glands

Answer 20

• eccrine
• apocrine
• sebaceous glands

Question 21

Features of eccrine glands

Answer 21

-present on palms and soles of feet
- open watery substance

Question 22

Features of apocrine glands

Answer 22

-sweat glands active during puberty
- mixes with bacteria on the skin (body odour)

Question 23

Sebaceous glands features

Answer 23

-secretes into hair follicles
- waterproof barrier
- bactericial and fungicidal

Question 24

Functions of the skin:

Answer 24

• protection
• excretion
• absorption
• regulation of body temperature
• formation of vitamin D

Question 25

What does the skin offer protection from:

Answer 25

- invasion - dehydration - mild trauma - chemicals

Question 26

Four methods of heat loss

Answer 26

- convection - conduction - radiation - evaporation

Question 27

How is 7-dehydrocholesterol converted into vitamin D?

Answer 27

Sunlight

Question 28

What products get absorbed by the skin

Answer 28

- nicotine - chemicals - chemotherapy

Question 29

What causes aging

Answer 29

The skin and membrane become thin -fewer capillaries and decrease in cell proliferation - decrease in collagen

Question 30

Three stages of wound healing

Answer 30

-inflammation - proliferation -maturation

Question 31

What happens in inflammation

Answer 31

Surface becomes inflamed and a blood clot forms

Question 32

What happens during proliferation

Answer 32

Epithelial cells proliferate across the wound Clot above the tissue becomes a scab

Question 33

What happens during maturation

Answer 33

Granulation tissue is replaced by scar tissue

Question 34

What is a pressure ulcer?

Answer 34

When a large amount of pressure is applied to a region over a short amount of time