Cells Flashcards
Nucleus
Contains the cell’s genetic information
Largest organelle
Membrane
Controls the entry/exit of substances in and out of the cell through partially permeable membrane
Ribosome
Protein synthesis using RNA
Mitochondria
Aerobic respiration using O2 to produce ATP
Endoplasmic reticulum
RER: covered in ribosomes
SER: synthesises lipids
Golgi apparatus
Synthesised protiens are processed + packaged here
Lysosome
Contains lysozyme
Osmosis
Movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a high to low concentration
Diffusion
Passive= movement of molecules from a high to low concentration
Facilitated= movement of molecules from high to low concentration using a protein carrier/channel
Active transport
Movement of molecules from low to high concentration using ATP and protein carriers
Cell actions
_Reproduce
-Nourishment
_Movement
_Excertion
-Growth
_Respiration
Red blood cells
Concave for larger surface area to carry more oxygen
Contains haemaglobin
Kidney tubule cells
Controls water and salt excretion
Cardiac cells
-stirated (long and thin)
Controls the pumping of the heart
Cartilage
Fluid to absorb any shock from impact
Neurones
Conducts action potentials
Sperm cells
Head contains genetic information
Flagellum for swimming
Connective tissue
Binding, protecting and supporting ( eg: cartilage)
Epithelial tissue
Cells forming continuous sheets lining the body ( eg: skin)
Muscle tissue
Connected to bone
Under voluntary control
Smooth muscle
Movement
Nervous tissue
Conducts electrical impulses through the whole body
Tissues & organs
Tissues - group of similar cells
Organs = group of similar tissues working towards one function
System
.collection of related organs with a common function
Apoptosis
Cell suicide
Necrosis
Cell damage
Aging + disease
Mitosis slows down therefore cells are regenerated more slowly as age increases
Apoptosis sometimes increase which can cause Alzheimer’s
Apoptosis can slow down causing tumours leading to cancer
