Blood Types Flashcards
Blood group
Categorised by presence/ absence of antigens
Antigens = glycoproteins andglycolipids
Also known as agglutinogens or isoatigens
Major blood groups
ABO
RHESUS
ABO
Two antigens: A and B
Blood type A
People with surface antigen A
Type B
People with antigens B
AB
With antigens A and B
No antibodies
Type O
No surface antigens
No rhesus proteins
Antibody reactivity
Antigen A will react with anti A antibody
Antigen B will react with anti B antibody
AR pt.2
Type A has anti B antibody whereas type B has anti A antibody
Inheritance
A and B are dominant to O
A and B are co dominant
Rhesus
Protein (antigen)
Rh+ and rh-
If D antigen is present then person = Rh+ (dominant)
ABO incompatibility in pregnancy
Mum= blood type O
Baby= A or B
Mum’s immune system may make antibodies against baby’s RBC
Anti A and B antibodies unlikely to cross placenta
Rhesus incompatibility
Mum is rh- and baby is rh+
D antigen (fetus) mix with mums blood
Anti D antibodies made
Antibodies can cross placenta and haemolytic fetus blood cells
Leads to iso-immunisation, anaemia and severe liver swelling
