Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB/GYN > Siste innspurt > Flashcards

Siste innspurt Flashcards

1
Q

Graafian follicle: størrelse

A

10-20 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mistanke om dermoid cyst (mature teratoma): hva gjør du?

A

Ultralyd (98% spesifikt)

Endelig diagnose skjer etter laparoskopisk reseksjon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ektopisk graviditet: recurrence rate?

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hvilken subenhet av hCG stimulerer tyroidea?

A

Alfa-subenheten (stimulerer TSH-reseptoren)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Maternell DM: metaboliske avvik hos nyfødt

A

Hypoglykemi

Hypokalsemi

Hyperbilirubinemi

Polycytemi

(+ hypokalemi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hvorfor får man DVT i venstre iliac vein i svangerskapet?

A

IVC og pelvic veins

Livmoren presser på LEFT ILIAC VEIN (May-Thurner-like syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hva er forskjellen på

  • D og C
  • Suction curettage
A

D og C: bruker curette

Suction curettage = vakuum-aspirasjon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Behandling av complete mole:

D og C ELLER suction curettage

A

Suction curettage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Snowstorm på ultralyd: hva skal du tenke?

A

Complete mole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Behandling av hypertyreose i svangerskap

A

B-blokker til de med alvorlige adrenerge Sx (trapp ned så snart du kontrollerer sykdommen med anti-tyreotika)

PTU > metimazol i første trimester (bytt til metimazol i starten av andre trimester)

Månedlig kontroll av TSH og FT4

De som ikke tolererer PTU/metimazol: tyreoidektomi (i svangerskapet)

IKKE gi farmakologiske jod-doser (gir føtal goiter)

Radio-jod er ABSOLUTT KONTRAINDISERT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fetal lie:

A

barnets lengdeakse vs. morens lengdeakse

Longitudinal = same axis as mothers spine

Transverse = perpendicular to axis of mother’s spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WHO amenore: hvilken compartment er anoreksi

A

Compartment 1 (hypogonadotropisk hypogonadisme)

Lav FSH og LH

Funksjonell (anoreksi, atleter) eller organisk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hva skal du gjøre for BRCA-bærere

A

Breast awareness from age 18

Clinical breast exam every 6 months from 25

Annual breast MRI from 25-29

Annual mammogram from 30-75

Consideration of chemoprevention and risk-reducing mastectomy

Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy after childbearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Kandidater for BRCA-testing

A

Brystkreft før 50 år

Trippel negativ brystkreft før 60 år

Menn med brystkreft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Female pelvis - measurements

A

External conjugate: 18 cm

Interspinal: 25 cm

Intercristal: 28 cm

Intertrochanteric: 31 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abnormal first stage

A

Latent phase > 20 timer

Protraction disorders: less than 1.2 cm // 1.5 cm

Arrest = complete stop in progress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Puerperium

A

Delivery to 6 weeks postpartum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

Glucocorticoids (to suppress CRH and ACTH): corrects growth, sexual maturation and fertility

Mineralocorticoids to normalize electrolytes, ECV and plasma renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Causes of arrest of SECOND STAGE labor

1) Extension of fetal head
2) Arrest of dilation disorders
3) Obstruction of delivery canal (e.g. myoma)
4) 1 + 3
5) 1 + 2 + 3

A

A + C

Extension of fetal head

Obstruction of delivery canal (myoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

36 year old woman G2P1 in 13th week of pregnancy had a PAPP-A test. The risk of trisomy 21 is 1 to 20. What further diagnosis should you offer to this patient

MRI

CTG non stress test

Genetic amniocentesis

BPP

Cordocentesis

A

Genetic amniocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

28 year old female. G1P0 was diagnosed with thrombophlebitis in her 31st week of pregnancy. No dyspnea.

Vaginal examination normal. USG fetal assessment normal. Chose the FALSE statement

1) start therapeutic dose of heparin
2) qualify patient for c-section
3) start compression therapy
4) order maternal echo
5) order spinal section

A

2) qualify patient for c-section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which is NOT a marker of chromosomal abnormalities in T1 genetic screening

1) NT
2) Nasal bone
3) Ductus venosus
4) Tricuspid valve
5) UAPI (umbilical artery pulsatile index)

A

UAPI (umbilical artery pulsatile index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lady with external conjugate diameter 16 cm: what to do?

A

Qualify for c-section due to CPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is NOT correct treatment for PPROM

1) Strict bed rest
2) Start tocolysis
3) Collect vaginal and cervical swabs
4) Measure leukocytes and CRP
5) Administer oxytocin

A

5) Administer oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Gestational DM-woman in 27th week. Vaginal examintaion normal. What NOT to do

A

Do NOT start steroid therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Risikofaktorer for brystkreft (utenom FHx)

A

Tidlig menarche og sen menopause

Nulliparitet

Delayed childbearing

Alkohol

Overvekt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Når er prolaktin høyest?

A

Når du sover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Twin-twin transfusion syndrome

A

Ses i MoDi (monochorionic, diamniotic) tvillinger

AV-kommunikasjon

Treatment options

  • Reductive amniocentesis
  • Selective laser ablation
  • Selective cord coagulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Progestin challenge test: hvordan gjøres det? Hvordan tolkes det?

A

Medroxyprogesteron po/im i 10-14 dager

Dersom pasienten har adekvate østrogen-nivåer skal bortfallsblødning skje ila 2-7 dager

Bortfallsblødning tyder på anovulering (= adekvat østrogen, men manglende endogen progesteron)

Negativ test tyder på enten

  • Lav østrogen (ovarie- eller HP-problem)
  • Ikke-mottakelig livmor
  • Obstruksjon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Blodtrykk som indikerer alvorlig pre-eklampsi

A

> 160/110 målt ved 2 anledninger, med minst 4 timers mellomrom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Endometriose - klassifisering

A

Minimal: isolerte implantater uten adheranser

Mild: overflatiske lesjoner under 5 cm, ingen adheranser

Moderat: multiple implanteter og arrdannelser (adheranser) rundt egglederne og ovariene

Alvorlig: multiple implantater, inkludert store sjokolade-cyster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Germ cell tumor: typer

A

Dysgerminoma

Dermoid cyst

Embryonal carcinoma

Choriocarcinoma

Endodermal sinus tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Delayed puberty: definisjon

A

No breast development at age 13

No menses 3 years after breast development (or by 16)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Når i menstruasjonssyklusen er FSH LAVEST??

A

Dag 10-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Pre-eklampsi i uke 32 med BT 160/100 etter hydralazin, metyldopa og CCB. Hva skal du gjøre

A

Sjekk CTG og FHR hver 2. time (+ daglige NST/BPP)

Gi betametason og MgSO4

Vaginalfødsel hvis maternell/føtal kompromiss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Major cause of maternal death in US?

Major cause of maternal death worldwide?

Most common non-obstetric cause of maternal death in pregnancy?

A

US: Pulmonary embolism

Worldwide: PPH

Non-obstetric cause: MVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Når er fundus høyest?

A

Uke 36

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Når gjøres QUAD-test

A

Uke 15-19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Når rapporterer mødre fosterbevegelser?

A

Multipara: 16-18

Primigravida: 18-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Presumptive sign of pregnancy =

A

Amenorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Hvor sannsynlig er det at du leverer på EDD fra Naegle?

A

4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Causes of decreased GI motility in pregnancy

A

Increased progesterone

Decreased motilin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Tyroideahormon som krysser placenta?

A

KUN!!! thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (anti-TSHR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The first and second reductive divisions of female germ cells results in

A

23 chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Når er fundal height høyest?

A

Uke 36 (deretter går den tilbake til 32-36)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Prenatal diagnosis should be offered to:

  • Teenage mom
  • Mother > 35 years
  • Mother with overt DM
A

Mother > 35 and mother with overt diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Når skal du gøre CVS?

A

Uke 9-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is true about Naegle rule…

A

EDD (estimated due date) is adjusted to the duration of the follicular (proliferative) phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Causes of second trimester pregnancy loss includes all of the following EXCEPT

  • Abruptio placentae
  • Uterine anatomical defect
  • Incompetent cervix
  • Immune hydrops
  • Nonimmune hydrops
A

Abruptio placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Kleihauer-Betke test should be performed to evaluate

A

The volume of fetal blood in maternal circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

300 mikrogram RhoGAM dekker

  • Hvor mange mL føtalt fullblod
  • Hvor mange mL føtale RBCs?
A

300 mikrogram RhoGAM dekker

  • 30 mL føtalt fullblod
  • 15 mL føtale RBCs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Risk factor for malignant GTN?

A

Bilateral theca-lutein cysts

OR

Age extremes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Metastatic GTN: good prognosis =

A

Metastases to pelvis and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Primary management of cervical incompetence

A

Cerclage

Progestational agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

White classification: B, C and D

A

B = onset after 20 years old, or duration less than 10 years

C = onset 10-19 years, or duration 10-19 years

D = onset before 10 years, or duration > 20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Behandlingsmål for fastende glukose hos pasienter med gestasjonsdiabetes

A

Fastende glukose 60-90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Anemi i svangerskap: definisjon

A

Hb under 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Causes of increased baseline variability includes all of the following EXCEPT

  • Hypothermia
  • Arrhyhtmia
  • Fetal movements
  • Prematurity
A

Prematurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Normal fetal scalp pH =

A

Normal = pH 7.25 - 7.35

Borderline = pH 7.20 - 7.25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Common cause of prolonged latent phase

A

Anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Most significant risk factor for preterm delivery?

A

Previous preterm delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

All of the following are used for cervical ripening EXCEPT

  • PGE2
  • Estrogen
  • Mechanical stretching
  • Progesteron
  • Relaxin
A

Progesteron is NOT used for ripening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Within what time period should RhoGAM be given postpartum

A

Within 72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Most common cause of puerperal fever

A

Endometritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Most common STD in females

A

HPV > Trichomonas > klamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

FIGO: cervical cancer pelvic wall is NOT invovled, but lower 1/3 of vagina is

A

Stage 3a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

All of the following are indications for cervical cone biopsy EXCEPT:

  • Cervical lesion cannot be fully visualized
  • History of cervical dysplasia
  • The endocervical curettage is positive
  • Bx reveals microinvasive SCC
  • Bx reveals adenocarcinoma in situ
A

History of cervical dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Prevensjon som har lavest pearl index (altså lavest failure rate på 1 år)

  • IUD
  • Medroxyprogesteron acetat
A

Medroxyprogesteron acetat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

When in life does the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis become fully functional

  • Neonatal
  • Fetal
  • Childhood
  • Prepuberty
  • Puberty
A

Fetal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Functional hyperprolactinemia is fully confirmed by

A

Oral metoclopramid (dopamine antagonist) test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Basic prolactin plasma level is 24. In the 60 min metoclopramide test it increases to 192. Diagnosis?

A

Functional hyperprolactinemia (because it increases x 6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What is the most potent androgen

A

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What is the most common underlying etiology of menopause

A

Ovarian follicle depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

25 year old woman with negative hCG + 5 cm asymptomatic pelvic mass: most likely diagnosis?

A

Simple cyst: follicular or corpus luteum cyst

Complex: dermoid cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Complications of ovulation induction

A

Multiple gestation

Ovarian hyperstimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Hormone levels in anorectic: FSH, estradiol, prolactin

A

Low FSH (e.g. 2)

Low estradiol (e.g. 18)

Normal prolactin (e.g. 10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Perimenopausal woman with FSH 14 and estradiol 101. What to do

A

FSH should be 3-9

Supplement progesterone in day 17-23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Normalverdi for FSH

A

3-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Normalverdier

  • FSH
  • LH
A

FSH: 3-9

LH: 5-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

LH 9, FSH 4, estriol 130. Diagnose?

A

Normale hormonverdier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

FSH 70, LH 120, estradiol 12 in a 23 year old woman with primary amenorrhea: next step?

A

Genetic evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Typical sign of thyrotoxicosis in early pregnancy

A

Vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

City with highest rates of ectopic pregnancy

A

Kingston, Jamaica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

The source of AFP in maternal serum at 18 weeks gestation is…

A

Fetal liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Fetal lung maturation is ensured by presence of

A

Phosphatidylglycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

A pregnant vegetarian is likely to be deficient in…

A

Vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

A woman smokes one pack of cigarettes a day. An ultrasound in week 32 is ordered to evaluate

A

Fetal size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Metimazole: teratogenisity

A

Aplasia cutis

Agranulocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sign of severe pre-eclampsia

  • Oligohydramnios
  • Proteinuria > 3 g/day
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Elevated serum creatinine
  • Elevated transaminases
A

Proteinuria > 3 g/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

What animal is a common reservoir for toxoplasmosis

A

Cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

36 weeks GA. Vaginal bleeding, contractions and a very tender abdomen

A

Abruptio placentae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Which of the following is not a result of an insult during fetal development

  • Death
  • Malformation
  • Growth retardation
  • Dizygotic twinning
  • Pregnancy-induced hypertension
A

Dizygotic twinning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

Which is consistent with a partial mole:

  • 46 chromosomes
  • Villous edema
  • Theca lutein cysts
  • Uterus larger than dates
  • Fetal parts
A

Fetal parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

Z-score: definition

A

A measure of difference between the average bone mass at the age of the patient and the present bone mass of the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

T-score -0.75 and Z-score 0.25: what to do?

A

Normal results. No treatment needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

T-score -2.75 and Z-score 1.25: what to do?

A

Osteoporosis - start treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

Most effective treatment of osteoporosis =

A

Bisphosphonates (alendronate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

Preconceptual care of a patient with DM

A

Reach HbA1c less than 6.1%

Switch to recombinant insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

Iodine supplementation

  • Preconcetpion
  • In pregnancy
A

Preconception: 150 microgram

In pregnancy: 250 mikrogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

DOC for hyperthyroidism in pregnancy

A

Propylthiouracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Preconceptional folic acid protects against

A

Neural tube defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

25 year old with irregular periods. LMP 7 weeks ago. B-hCG 7000. USG shows no signs of GS/fetus. Diagnosis?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

25 year old with irregular periods. LMP 7 weeks ago. B-hCG 700. USG shows no signs of GS/fetus. Diagnosis?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

OR

Intrauterine pregnancy, but too early to visualize GS (return to clinic after B-hCG > 1500)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

Which is a confirmed adverse effect of estrogen deficiency

  • Decreased cortical bone
  • Decreased vaginal pH
  • Increased serum LDL
  • Increased bladder capacity
  • Generalized chills
A

Increased serum LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

The only choice of hormone therapy for a 52 year old hysterectomized woman with Hx of gallbladder stones

  • Transdermal 17-beta-estradiol
  • Transdermal 17-beta-estradiol with oral progesterone
  • Transdermal 17-beta-estradiol with transdermal norethinone
  • Oral 17-beta-estradiol
  • Oral 17-beta-estradiol with transdermal norethinone
A

Transdermal 17-beta-estradiol

106
Q

All of the following are risk factors for endometrial cancer, EXCEPT

  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Obesity
  • Hypertension
  • Nulliparity
  • Diabetes
A

Hyperthyroidism

107
Q

The highest level of prolactin occurs at

108
Q

The pregnancy-induced changes in thyroid gland is caused by

A

Alfa-subunit of hCG

109
Q

Hormonal marker of fetal-placental unit

110
Q

OCP: for how long can you forget to take the pill

111
Q

GnRH antagonist: mechanism of action

A

Blocks GnRH-receptors in the pituitary

112
Q

Doubling time of hCG in early pregnancy

113
Q

FSH

  • Normalverdi
  • Diminishing ovarian function
  • Menopause
A

Normal: 3-9

Diminishing oviarian failure: > 10

Menopause: > 30

114
Q

Bromokriptin: hvordan skal det tas

A

Med middag, og pasienten skal sove innen 2 timer

Bivirkning: søvningher

115
Q

When the teratogen exerts its influence during the resistant period, what happens

A

Resistance period (1 week postovulatory) is ALWAYS teratogen resistant

116
Q

FDA category C =

A

Animal studies showed the teratogenic effect or embryological effects of the fetus, but there are no human studies

117
Q

DOC for chlamydia in patients that are NOT pregnant

A

Doxycycline (CONTRAINDICATED in pregnancy - use azithromycin)

118
Q

Blood stained discharge from nipple…

A

Intraductal papilloma

119
Q

All of the following are causes of IUGR except

  • Anemia
  • Pregnancy-induced hypertension
  • Maternal heart disease
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus
A

Gestational diabetes mellitus

120
Q

Stage 3 of labor: definition

A

From delivery of baby to delivery of placenta

Should not last longer than 30 minutes

121
Q

The lowest serum FSH during the menstrual cycle is at day

122
Q

The first and second reductive division of female germ cells

A

Results in chromosome number of 23

123
Q

The major cause of maternal mortality in US is

124
Q

Uterine fundus is at its highest in week

125
Q

Prenatal diagnosis should be offered to

  • Teenage mother
  • Mother over 35
  • Mother with PIH
  • Mother with essential hypertension
  • A + B + C
A

Mother over 35

126
Q

CVS should be performed at

127
Q

Primigravida report fetal quickening at

A

Week 18-20

128
Q

A presumptive sign of pregnancy is..

  • Hegar sign
  • Palpation of fetal parts
  • Uterine enlargement
  • Amenorrhea
  • Ausculation of fetal heart tones
A

Amenorrhea

129
Q

The pituitary secretion of FSH is influenced by

A

Activin

Inhibin

Follistatin

GnRH

130
Q

Androgens

1) In low concentrations enhance their own aromatization and contribute to estrogen production
2) increase the FSH receptor content of the follicle
3) at higher level causes follicular atresia
4) May serve as substrate for progesteron

A

1) In low concentrations enhance their own aromatization and contribute to estrogen production
3) at higher level causes follicular atresia

131
Q

Inhibin

1) Is produced by FSH stimulated granulosa cells
2) Secretion is inhibited by GnRH and epidermal growth factor
3) exists in two isoforms (inhibin A and inhibin B)
4) Rises throughout the follicular phase to reach a midcycle peak followed by a greater midluteal peak

A

All 4 are correct

1) Is produced by FSH stimulated granulosa cells
2) Secretion is inhibited by GnRH and epidermal growth factor
3) exists in two isoforms (inhibin A and inhibin B)
4) Rises throughout the follicular phase to reach a midcycle peak followed by a greater midluteal peak

132
Q

Ovulation

1) Is most reliable predicted by the onset of the LH surge which occurs 34-36 hours prior to rupture
2) Occurs approximately 10-12 hours after LH peak
3) Requires a threshold of LH concentration to be maintained for 14-27 hours in order for full maturation of the oocyte to occur
4) involves considerable variation in timing from cycle to cycle within the same woman

A

All 4 are correct

1) Is most reliable predicted by the onset of the LH surge which occurs 34-36 hours prior to rupture
2) Occurs approximately 10-12 hours after LH peak
3) Requires a threshold of LH concentration to be maintained for 14-27 hours in order for full maturation of the oocyte to occur
4) involves considerable variation in timing from cycle to cycle within the same woman

133
Q

Menstraual cycle changes immediately prior to menopause are marked by

1) Elevated FSH
2) Decreasing inhibin
3) Slightly elevated levels of estradiol
4) Normal levels of LH

A

All 4 are correct

1) Elevated FSH
2) Decreasing inhibin
3) Slightly elevated levels of estradiol
4) Normal levels of LH

134
Q

The main sexual changes which occurs in the ageing woman include

1) Loss of vaginal elasticity
2) Diminished libido
3) Reduction in the rate of production and volume of vaginal lubricating fluid
4) Diminished ability to have orgasm

A

1) Loss of vaginal elasticity

3) Reduction in the rate of production and volume of vaginal lubricating fluid

135
Q

Following menopause

1) FSH is elevated
2) DHEAS is decreased
3) LH is elevated
4) Androstenedione is decreased

A

All 4 is correct

1) FSH is elevated
2) DHEAS is decreased
3) LH is elevated
4) Androstenedione is decreased

136
Q

Primary management of cervical insufficiency

137
Q

CTG signs of fetal well-being includes

1) Normal baseline heart rate
2) Early decelerations
3) Marked baseline variability
4) No variable decelerations
5) 1 and 4

A

1 and 4

Normal baseline heart rate

No variable decelerations

138
Q

Laceration involving perineal body, but not anal sphincter =

A

Second degree

139
Q

All of the following are used for ripening, EXCEPT

  • PGE2
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Mechanical stretching
  • Relaxin
A

Progesteron

140
Q

MCC of puerperial fever

A

Endometritis

141
Q

Most common STD in female

142
Q

Cervical cancer. Not to pelvic wall, but to lower 1/3 of vagina

143
Q

Which is NOT helpful in ectopic pregnancy

  • Metotrexat
  • Misoprostol
  • Actinomycin-D
  • Mifepriston
A

Misoprostol

144
Q

Where does normal fertilization occur?

A

Ampulla of fallopian tube

145
Q

The puerperium consist of…

A

First 6 weeks postpartum

146
Q

Postpartum hemorrhage: excessive blood loss is:

A

More than 500 mL during first 24 hours postpartum

147
Q

Accelerations =

A

Increase in baseline > 15 bpm lasting > 15 seconds

148
Q

Which of these factors are associated with placenta previa

1) Maternal age
2) Maternal age, multiparity
3) Multiparity
4) Maternal age, multiparity, PIH

A

Maternal age and multiparity

149
Q

Best confirmation of functional hyperprolactinemia is

A

Oral metoclopramide test

150
Q

Which is the most potent androgen

A

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

151
Q

8 am prolactin = 101: what is next step?

152
Q

The only choice of HRT for a 52 yo hysterectomized woman with Hx of gallbladder disease is

A

Transdermal 17 B-estradiol

153
Q

25 year old woman with negative hCG + asymptomatic 5 cm pelvic mass: diagnosis

A

Simple = functional cyst (follicular, corpus luteum)

Complex = dermoid cyst (mature teratoma)

154
Q

Hormone levels in early pregnancy: FSH, estradiol, prolactin

A

Low FSH (1.0)

High estradiol (550)

Normal prolactin (10)

155
Q

Hormone levels in anorectic: FSH, estradiol, prolactin

A

Low FSH (2.0)

Low estradiol (18.8)

Normal prolactin (10.7)

156
Q

Perimenopausal woman: FSH, estradiol, prolactin

A

Sligthly increased FSH (14)

Estradiol low normal (100)

Normal prolactin (5.6)

157
Q

7th day cycle results:

LH 9.6

FSH 4.8

Estradiol 139

Testosterone 1.3

A

Normal results

158
Q

FSH 78, LH 140, estradiol 12,9 in a 23 year old patient with primary amenorrhea: next step

A

Genetic evaluation

159
Q

Source of AFP in maternal serum at 18 weeks GA

A

Fetal liver

160
Q

Fetal lung maturation is ensured by presence of

A

Phosphatidylglycerol

161
Q

A pregnant vegeterian is likely to be deficient in

A

Vitamin B12

162
Q

Woman smokes 1 pack daily. USG at 32 weeks to look at

A

Fetal size

163
Q

36 weeks presenting with vaginal bleeding, contractions and a very tender abdomen: diagnosis

A

Abruptio placentae

164
Q

Which of the following is NOT a result of insult during fetal development

  • Death
  • Malformation
  • Growth retardation
  • Dizygotic twinning
  • Pregnancy-induced HTN
A

Dizygotic twinning

165
Q

Which of the following is consistent with a partial mole?

  • 46 chromosomes
  • Villous edema
  • Theca lutein cysts
  • Uterus larger than dates
  • Presence of a fetus
A

Presence of a fetus

166
Q

T-score -0.75 and Z-score 0.25: next step?

A

Normal results, does not require treatment

167
Q

Most effective Tx of osteoporosis

A

Bisphosphonates (alendronate)

168
Q

Iodine supplementation

A

150 microgram preconception

250 microgram in pregnancy

169
Q

25 year old woman. LMP 7 weeks ago. Irregular menses. B-hCG 10.000. Ultrasound revealed presence of gestational sac. Next hCG in 7 days showed 40.000. Diagnosis?

A

Normal pregnancy, located in proper place, but ultrasound should be repeated to look for fetal heart rate

170
Q

How long does the resistant period (resistance to teratogens)

A

0-11 days gestation

171
Q

If maternal blood group is A Rh negative and paternal group is A Rh positive

  • The mother should receive RhoD within 3 hours of deliver
  • The mother should receive RhoD within 24 hours of deliver
  • The baby should receive RhoD within 72 hours of delivery
  • The baby blood group and Rh factor should be evaluated

. The volume of fetal blood in maternal circulation should be evaluated

A

The baby blood group and Rh factor should be evaluated

172
Q

Routine glucose screening with 50 g (1 hour glucose tolerance test) should not exceed (at 60 min)

A

7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL)

173
Q

Bromocriptine should be given..

A

With dinner (and the patient should go to sleep within 2 hours)

174
Q

Gir endometriose økt risiko for XU?

175
Q

Ektopisk graviditet: kandidater for konservativ behandling (observasjon)

A

Under 4 cm

Under 100 mL i Douglasi

Under 1000 hCG

God allmenntilstand

176
Q

Marginal placenta previa: definisjon

A

Mindre enn 2 cm fra os, men deker den ikke

177
Q

Mean onset of placenta previa bleeding

A

30 weeks GA

178
Q

Placenta previa på ultralyd i uke 16: neste steg

A

Revurder i uke 32

Deretter i uke 36

Hvis fortsatt placenta previa i 36: elektiv sectio i uke 36-37

179
Q

Tidligere sectio øker risikoen for placenta…

A

Previa og accreta

180
Q

Placenta previa: når skal du planlegge elektiv sectio

A

I uke 36-37

181
Q

Placenta previa: sentinel bleed

A

Many pt first experience a sentinel bleed (spotting)

If they adhere to NPV and low activity, they should be fine

In case of a 2nd bleeding: hospitalize

182
Q

Placenta previa: når kan man forsøke vaginalfødsel

A

Placenta > 2 cm fra kanten av os (= low-lying placenta)

183
Q

Abruptio - er det assosiert med

  • Nulliparity eller multiparity
  • Ung mor eller gammel mor
A

Multiparity

Maternal age > 35

184
Q

Hvor lenge etter abruptio skal mor ha RhoGAM

A

Innen 72 timer

185
Q

Abruptio med fosterdød: hvordan skal man levere

A

Vaginalfødsel er foretrukket

Sectio kun hvis det er ukontrollert blødning eller kontraindikasjoner mot vaginalfødsel

186
Q

Kan damer med Berry aneursimer levere vaginalt?

187
Q

Første kliniske Sx på placenta accreta?

A

Massiv blødning når man prøver å fjerne placenta postpartum

188
Q

Dersom du vet at kvinnen har placenta accreta: hva gjør du?

A

Elektiv fødsel i 34-36

189
Q

Vasa previa: typer

A

Type 1 = vilamentous

Type 2 = succinturiate lobe

190
Q

Apt test

A

Brukes ved mistanke om vasa previa

Blod blandes med NaOH (alkaline denaturation test)

Føtalt blod blir rosa, maternelt blod blir gult

191
Q

Hvilke tester gjøres ifm vasa previa

A

Apt test (blod blandes med NaOH)

Wright stain (se etter nucleated RBCs)

192
Q

Vasa previa: hvordan skal de forløses

A

Elektiv sectio i uke 35

193
Q

Hva slags type prostaglandin er carbaprost (som brukes i PPH)

194
Q

PPH: residivrate

195
Q

Anti-IgG toxoplasma med høy aviditet tyder på

A

At primærinfeksjonen skjedde 3-5 måneder siden

196
Q

Dx av intrapartum toxoplasmose

A

Amniocentese og PCR for DNA

197
Q

Behandling av intrapartum toxoplasmose

A

Spiramycin (macrolide)

Etter uke 14: pyrimetamin og sulfadiazin (folic acid antagonists)

198
Q

Hvor mange svangerskap har CMV+

199
Q

Er amming kontraindisert ved CMV?

200
Q

Kongenital CMV: hvor mange er symptomatiske? Hva slags symptomer har de?

A

10% er symptomatiske

Som regel hørselstap og/eller synstap

201
Q

Behandling av CMV i svangerskap

A

Ingen behandling i svangerskapet

Ganciklovir til mor og barn postpartum

202
Q

Hvordan smitter rubella

A

Nose secretions

Transplacentally

203
Q

Rubella: reservoir

A

Kun mennesker

204
Q

Hva er forskjellen på congential rubella infection og congential rubella syndrome

A

Congenital rubella infection = alle komplikasjoner

Congenital rubella syndrome = cataract, SNHL, PDA

205
Q

Rubella: diagnose

A

4-fold increase in IgG

Positive IgM

Positive rubella culture

206
Q

The only infection that is an indication for pregnancy termination

207
Q

Syfilis transmission in first trimester leads to

A

Nonimmune hydrops (50% mortality)

208
Q

Når skal høyrisikopasienter screenes for syfilis

A

Første besøk

28-32 uker

209
Q

Hva skal du gjøre med gravide kvinner som er HBsAb-negative

A

Vaksiner dem i svangerskapet

210
Q

Når har man mest AF? Hvor mye?

A

800-2000 mL (32-34)

211
Q

Bilateral nyreagenese: fostervannsvolum i T1 vs. T2

A

T1: normal AFI (huden er ikke keratinisert)

T2: oligohydramnios

212
Q

Når i svangerskapet er det samsvar mellom fundal height og GA

A

Mellom 16-36

213
Q

Oligohydramnios is associated with.. (komplikasjoner)

A

Meconium staining

Heart conduction abnormalities

Cord compression

214
Q

Komplikasjoner av amnioinfusjon

A

Amniotic fluid embolism

Amniochorionic separation

Infection

215
Q

Amniotic fluid abmormality seen with congenital arrhythmias?

A

Polyhydramnios

216
Q

Amniotic fluid abmormality seen with fetal akinesia syndrome?

A

Polyhydramnios (lack of swallowing)

217
Q

Late-term pregancy (40-41+6): valgmuligheter

A

Elektiv induksjon

Expectant management

Antenatal testing

218
Q

Når skal du gjøre cervical ripening før IOL

A

Ved Bishop score 6 eller lavere

219
Q

Methods of IOL

A

Oxytocin with amniotomy (in case of hyperstimulation: stop oxytocin - half-life 5-10 min)

Stripping/sweeping of fetal membranes: increaes PGF2a (delivery in 2-7 days)

Unprotected intercourse

220
Q

In adolescents - management of

Simple cysts

Complex cysts

A

Simple cysts = observation and laparoscopic cystectomy

Complex cysts = cystectomy or oophorectomy (+ CA-125)

221
Q

When does corpus luteum cysts normally rupture

A

Day 20-26 of the cycle

222
Q

Normal menstrual period (lenght)

Those over 16

Those under 16

A

Over 16 years: 21-35 days

Under 16 years: 21-45 dasy

223
Q

Amenorrhea - definition

A

No period by 14 without breasts

No period by 16 with breasts

Secondary: no menses for 3 cycles (3 months!!!)

224
Q

Definisjon

Hypomenorrhea

Hypermenorrhea (menorrhagia)

A

Hypomenorrhea = less than 30 mL

Hypermenorrhea = more than 100 mL

225
Q

Menstrual abnormality in hyperthyroidism

A

Polymenorrhea

226
Q

Amenorrhea classification: compartment 6 and 7

A

6 = hyperprolactinemia wihtout tumor

7 = infection/Trauma (e.g. sarcoidosis)

227
Q

Secondary amenorrhea with normal FSH =

A

anovulation

228
Q

Treatment of androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

HRT (feel like a girl)

Remove testis (risk of cancer)

229
Q

Treatment of anorexia amenorrhea (compartment 1)

A

HRT (17-B estradiol + progesterone)

230
Q

Best biochemical marker for preterm delivery =

A

fibronectin (from vaginal or cervical swab)

231
Q

Contraindications for tocolysis

A

Severe PIH, IUGR, bleeding

Abruptio

Chorioamnionitis

Dilataion > 5 cm

232
Q

At which fetal Hb does hydrops occur?

A

Hb less than 7 g/dL below mean for GA (usually less than 5 mg/dL)

233
Q

Hva skal du gjøre med en Rh-negativ med Coombs > 1:42

A

Screen hver 4. uke

234
Q

Når kan du gjøre cell-free fetal DNA testing?

A

Etter uke 11

235
Q

Initial screening for fetomaternal hemorhage

A

Rosette test

IF positive, do either

  • Kleihauer-Betke
  • Flow cytometry
236
Q

Hva er cut-off for MCA PSV?

A

More than > 1.5 MoM (multiple of means)

237
Q

Recurrent nonimmune hydrops: DDx

A

Storage diseases

Graves

238
Q

Treatment of TTTS

A

Fetoscopic laser ablation of AV-communication

239
Q

Mirror syndrome

A

Maternal edema with fetal hydrops

240
Q

Rybak: two ABx used in pregnancy

A

Ampicillin and erythromycin

241
Q

Difference between threatened and inevitable abortion

A

Threatened: closed cervical os

Inevitable: open cervical os

242
Q

Bleeding in complete vs. incomplete abortion

A

Complete: bleeding stops after complete expulsion

Incomplete: continous bleeding wiht risk of hemorrhagic shock (Tx: D and C - NB! Risk of rupture)

243
Q

Two potential USG findings in mised abortion

A

Empty GS with absent embryonic pole (blighted ovum)

GS with embryoic pole without visualized cardiac activity

244
Q

Recurrent miscarriages in 2nd trimester: DDx

A

Cervical incompetence

Septate uterus

APS

245
Q

After how many weeks GA should you always do D and C after abortion

A

After 6 weeks (no chance of complete abortion)

246
Q

Diagnostic criteria for APS: spontaneous abortions (how many)

A

One after 10 weeks GA

OR

Three before 10 weeks GA

247
Q

Treatment of APS

A

LMWH

Aspirin (until 36 weeks GA)

248
Q

4 most common causes of infertility

A

1) Unexplained (28%)
2) Male factors (26%)
3) Ovulatory dysfunction (21%)
4) TUbal damage (14%)

249
Q

How should you count number of days in cycle

A

From 1st day of MP to 1st day of MP

250
Q

Hirsutism scale

A

Ferriman-Gallwey scale (> 8 points = hirsutism)

251
Q

How do you detect ovulation

A

S-progesterone on day 21

Ultrasound (to see if follicle has ruptured)

252
Q

Hva indikerer redusert ovariereserve

FSH

AMH

A

Høy FSH (> 10)

Lav AMH

253
Q

Follicle count on USG: what indicates good reserve?

A

4-6 follicles

254
Q

How do you assess tubal patency?

255
Q

Which leiomyomas should be removed

A

Intramural myomas > 4 cm

SUbmucosal

256
Q

Teratospermia

A

Less than 4% has normal morphology

257
Q

Polyzoospermia

Hyperspermia

A

Polyzoospermia = high sperm concentraiton (> 200)

Hyperspermia = high volume (> 6 mL)

258
Q

Menopause: normal age

A

40-60 (aveage 51)

259
Q

HRT with liver disease or hypertriglyceridemia

A

Transdermal HRT

260
Q

How do you give HRT in perimenopause and postmenopause

A

Perimenopause: intermittent HRT

Postmenopause: continuous HRT

OB/GYN (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions