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Railway Rules EMR Mainline Driver > Signals > Flashcards

Signals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main purpose of signalling

A

To ensure there is one one train in one section at any one time.

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2
Q

What are the two main types of signals

A

Colour light signals
Semaphore signals

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3
Q

What are the two main systems used to trigger colour light signalling

A

Track circuits
Axel counters

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4
Q

What does a single red light mean

A

Danger
Do not pass

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5
Q

What does a single green light mean

A

Proceed, Clear

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6
Q

What does a single yellow light mean

A

Caution,
Expect the next signal to be red (danger)

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7
Q

What does a pair of yellow lights mean

A

Preliminary caution
Expect the next signal to be caution

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8
Q

When dispatching a train, what does a single or double yellow light mean

A

Proceed
All aspects apart from red mean proceed, unless the red is fitted with an active position light

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9
Q

On ground position signals, which light formation indicates Proceed

A

Two white lights displayed at 45 degrees

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10
Q

When dispatching, what does a blank Off indicator mean

A

Stop

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11
Q

What does a Banner repeater look like and what are the 3 stages

A

White circle with black line through the middle.
Horizontal line is Stop
Line at 45 degrees is restrictive proceed (same as double or single yellow)
Line at 45 degrees with a green circle is Proceed

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12
Q

How do you recognise a co-acting signal

A

It is a lower level duplication of the main signal
The signal plate has the suffix letters CA

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13
Q

What stations would you see a RA indicator

A

London or Manchester

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14
Q

What are the RA indicators used for

A

Platform staff use them to convey the ready to start signal to the driver
This replaces the buzz buzz

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15
Q

In a colour light signal area, how do you identify a distant signal

A

A black signal plate with a white triangle on it

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16
Q

How do you identify a “not in use” signal

A

The signal will be covered and have a white cross displayed

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17
Q

How do you identify an automatic signal

A

It has a white plate with a black horizontal bar through the middle

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18
Q

How can you identify a semi automatic signal

A

It has a white plate with a horizontal black bar through the middle and the word SEMI above the bar

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19
Q

How are automatic signals operated

A

By the passage of trains, using either track circuits or axel counters

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20
Q

What does SPAD stand for

A

Signal Passed At Danger

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21
Q

What does a red horizontal semaphore signal mean

A

Stop

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22
Q

What does a distant semaphore signal look like

A

Yellow arm with black chevron (yellow light at night)

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23
Q

What is the part of the line called between the Home signal and the Section signal

A

Station Limits
(There’s not always a station within the station limits)

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24
Q

What is the part of the track called between the Section signal and the following Home signal (which includes the distance signal)

A

Block section

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25
Q

What does a red semaphore signal at 45 degrees mean

A

Proceed / off

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26
Q

What does a distant semaphore signal look like

A

Yellow board with a fish tail and black chevron

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27
Q

What does a semaphore shunt signal look like

A

White round disc with red bar across the middle
Horizontal for danger
45 degrees (with green light at night) for proceed at caution as far as the line is clear

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28
Q

Semaphore Route indicators are used at locations of diverging routes
Which signal relates to the main line

A

The highest signal
Signal 1 relates to the route on the far left and then successive routes to the right

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29
Q

Route indications by stacked shunting signals, which signal relates to which track

A

Signal 1 at the top of the stack relates to the route on the far left
As you work down it relates to successive routes to the right

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30
Q

What are the two main route indicators in colour light signalling

A

Junction indicators (feathers)
Route indicator box (theatre box)

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31
Q

What does a flashing yellow light mean

A

This is telling the driver that the route ahead has been set

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32
Q

When can you disregard the main aspect of a signal

A

Only if the main aspect is fitted with a Subsidiary / Position light or you are working under special rules

33
Q

How can you identify a controlled signal

A

A black plate with the signal identification number on it

34
Q

How do you identify a Distant colour light signal

A

A distant signal cannot show a stop aspect.
Can be identified by a white triangle or the letters R or RR on the identification plate

35
Q

How do you identify an Intermediate block signal

A

White signal plate with vertical black line through.

36
Q

What is the sequence of three aspect signalling

A

Green = proceed = top
Yellow = caution = middle
Red = stop = bottom

37
Q

What is the sequence of four aspect signalling

A

Green = proceed = second from top
Double yellow = preliminary caution = top & second from bottom
Yellow = caution = second from bottom
Red = stop = bottom

38
Q

What does the “end of emergency special working” sign look like

A

Yellow square with black EW on crossed diagonally with red line

39
Q

What is the hand signal for Stop

A

Both hands straight up in the air,
Red flag during daylight
Red light during darkness or poor visibility

40
Q

What is the order of signals in absolute block signalling

A

Distant
Home
Section

41
Q

In absolute block signalling what station limits

A

The part between the first home and the section signal controlled but the same signal box

42
Q

How many stop signals can 1 signal box control

A

5
4 home and 1 section

43
Q

If the distant signal is showing off, what position is the home and section signal in

A

Both the home and section signal must be off for the distant to be off

44
Q

What’s the part called between the distant signal and the first home signal

A

Service breaking distance

45
Q

Where is the AWS magnet in semaphore absolute block signalling

A

180 years before the distant signal

46
Q

What is CP in semaphore absolute block signalling

A

Clearance point,
The train has to pass 440 yards past the signal before the next signal can be pulled off

47
Q

What is the 20/20 rule

A

Be slowing down to 20 mph at least 200m before the signal and be able to stop 20 m before the signal

48
Q

What does the white diamond attached to a signal post mean

A

Track circuits fitted

49
Q

Why might track circuits be fitted to a semaphore signal

A

Because it’s out of view of the signal box, so to let the signaller know when the train has arrived

50
Q

What does the back of a semaphore stop and distant signal look like

A

Stop signal is white with black line
Distant signal is white with black chevron

51
Q

In absolute block signalling, which signals can have AWS magnets

A

Only the distant signal

52
Q

If you are unsure if a semaphore signal is off or on what should you do

A

Stop the train before the signal, secure the train and call the signaller

53
Q

What part of absolute block is classed as the block section

A

From section signal, box A to the first home signal, box B

54
Q

What does IBS stand for

A

Intermediate block section

55
Q

How do you identify an IBS stop signal

A

The ID plate will be a white rectangle with a black line top to bottom

56
Q

Which signal box controls any additional distant or stop signals in an IBS area

A

The signal box prior

57
Q

What’s does IBS achieve

A

It splits up a long block section into smaller sections letting more trains travel through whilst keeping one train in one section at any one time

58
Q

What does a subsidiary semaphore signal look like

A

A smaller signal arm which is either white with red line top and bottom or completely red
When on will show either a red, white or no light
When off will show a green light
Some have a letter C or S

59
Q

Where would you find a subsidiary semaphore signal

A

If used they are always attached underneath the main signal

60
Q

What is a subsidiary semaphore signal used for

A

When showing the off aspect you are signalled past the main signal aspect at danger under authority of the subsidiary signal

61
Q

If stopping at any signal what must you do

A

Switch on DRA and have full service brakes applied

62
Q

What does the C or S mean when the subsidiary semaphore is in the off position

A

C = calling you on
S = shunting

63
Q

What do shunting discs look like

A

White circle with red line through the middle and red and green lights.
Works the same as a subsidiary signal

64
Q

Can you carry passengers when being signalled past a shunting disc

A

No

65
Q

How must you drive after passing an off distant signal or any subsidiary signal

A

At caution, at a speed which allows you to stop before a train, obstruction or buffers

66
Q

What is a small semaphore signal arm

A

It’s a stop signal that controls movement into a loop or No-block line.
Once cleared you must proceed at caution

67
Q

How do stepped diverging route indicators work

A

The highest signal relates to the main route
Lower signals relate to progressive routes to left or right

68
Q

What is the advantage of a directing distant signal

A

A directing distant signal relates to the signal controlling the junction signal, which enables you to keep moving and not come to a near stand before clearing the junction signal

69
Q

How are stacked shunting signals read

A

Top to bottom
Left to right

70
Q

Why would you find a distant and stop signal on the same signal post

A

This happens when the block sections are small, these signals are controlled by different signal boxes

71
Q

When might you find an outer and inner distant signal

A

When the block sections are close together and outer then inner distant signal may be used to increase breaking distance

72
Q

How do you know if a semaphore signal is not in use

A

It’s marked with a large white cross

73
Q

Where might you find a distant board

A

On approach to
A colour light stop signal
A semaphore stop signal
A stop board
A points indicator
A buffer stop

74
Q

What do shunting signals that don’t show red look like

A

Either black or white discs with a thick yellow line through the middle.
Moves to diagonal and can show green light for clear
Can also be 3 light in black triangle

75
Q

What is a co-acting signal

A

A lower down version of the main aspect signal positioned on the same post for visual purposes

76
Q

What is a fringe box

A

A signal box which controls colour light and semaphore signals going from track circuits to AB.

77
Q

How is permission given to move over points worked from a signal box

A

Verbally
Day light = arm raised above head
Night = white light moved quickly twisting wrist

When clear of points, if no shunter give the signaller one short blast of horn

78
Q

Can you shunt outside the home signal

A

Only with the signallers permission

79
Q

Who controls good loops and good line

A

Good loop = one signaller, on TCB it’s one section

Good line = two or more signallers, on TBC it’s more than one section.

Railway Rules EMR Mainline Driver (29 decks)

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